The article describes a case of the development of a severe form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a premature newborn.

                Globally, about 15 million children are born prematurely every year. On average, it is every tenth child. In Russia, more than 110 thousand children are born prematurely every year, which is about 5.7 % of all newborns per year. [8] This confirms the relevance of the chosen topic.

                The ABS test falls under the category of express studies, since its parameters change rapidly with any shifts in the patient’s condition (respiratory indicators, body temperature, physical activity, kidney function, etc.). [9]

                The study of blood pH revealed subcompensated metabolic acidosis, confirming the literature data. The gas composition of the blood varied from hypocapnia to hypercapnia, which indicated a severe degree of respiratory failure with a picture of hypoventilation of the lungs in premature newborns. The revealed decrease in electrolytes was associated with diuretic and steroid therapy used for the patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Due to prematurity, compensatory mechanisms were insufficient to maintain homeostatic parameters (pH, gas and electrolyte composition of blood).

                When conducting oxygen therapy with a ventilator, it is necessary to be guided by the dynamics of ABS tests to calibrate the parameters of the device and adjust infusion therapy.

                Psychoemotional state is crucial for successful rehabilitation process, influencing patients’ motivation to restore neurological functions, quality of life and risk of death [1]. The use of peptide drugs is being extensively studied in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, due to their high therapeutic potential and specific, safe mechanism of action [2].

                The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the neuropeptide-containing drug Cortexin on the psychoemotional state of patients in the acute period of stroke in comparison with basic therapy.

                Materials and methods. An open randomized clinical trial was conducted with the participation of 27 patients aged 40-80 years in the acute period who first suffered an ischemic stroke in the carotid system. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The patients of the main group (n=16) received 20 mg of the drug Cortexin intramuscularly once a day for 10 days from admission. The patients in the control group (n=11) received only basic therapy. The effect of the therapy on the psychoemotional state in the clinical study was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Well-Being-Activity-Mood Questionnaire (WAM) on day 21 compared with the baseline level upon admission to the hospital.

                Results. By the time the patients were discharged on day 21, the participants in both groups showed improvements in well-being, activity, and mood. However, the most noticeable effect after the therapy was recorded in the group of the patients receiving Cortexin at a dose of 20 mg. Thus, in the main group, the indicators of well-being and activity were, on average, 2 points better in the median compared with the control group. Also, the main group demonstrated a decrease in asthenia and fatigue, which indicates the corrective effect of Cortexin on this condition, whereas the control group showed a remaining imbalance between the indicators of the WAM questionnaire, indicating the presence of asthenia and fatigue in the patients.

                Conclusions. The inclusion of Cortexin as part of comprehensive early rehabilitation of patients in the acute period of stroke demonstrated effectiveness for the correction of psycho-emotional disorders, in particular asthenia.

     Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal viral infection that occurs with high fever and intoxication. It is characterized by damage to the gray matter of the brain and/or the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, with the development of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis. The disease can result in persistent neurological and psychiatric conditions, and even death. The carriers of tick-borne encephalitis are ixodid taiga ticks. This type of tick is especially proactive in the spring and summer, endangering adults and children. Infectioning of a person occurs after a tick bite. The causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis is a neurotropic, RNA-containing virus. Tick-borne encephalitis is characterized by increasing neurological symptoms. The symptoms after an encephalitis tick attack are very varied. There are 5 main forms of tick-borne encephalitis: febrile, meningeal, meningoencephalitic (occurs in 15 % of the country as a whole, and twice as often in the Russian Far East). To diagnose with tick-borne encephalitis, it is necessary to take into account clinical manifestations (damage to the central nervous system), epidemiological data (time of the year, presence of vaccination, fact of a tick bite) and laboratory methods of specific diagnosis.

     The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is not an endemic region for the spread of TBE. However, in recent years due to climate change, the number of ticks and bites in this area has increased. This article describes a case of TBE in a 6-year-old child. The disease was extremely severe and resulted in death. Despite the fact that TBE is an extremely rare pathology in our republic, screening for this pathology must be carried out during the tick season.

     Salmonellosis is one of the most common intestinal infections and remains a pressing problem for all regions of the Russian Federation. Relatively recently, the problem of this infection mainly concerned economically developed countries (“disease of civilization”), but currently it concerns most countries of the world. The spread of this disease is often caused by foodborne transmission, despite the high level of food quality control and the availability in most cases of epidemiologically safe drinking water. The development of generalized and extraintestinal forms of salmonellosis with a severe course is possible, which is associated in some cases with the formation of multiresistant strains of the microorganism, leading not only to the generalization of the process, but also causing high mortality.

     The purpose of our research was to study circulating serovars and the sensitivity of Salmonella to antibacterial drugs in the Republic of Mordovia for the period from 2017 to 2023. A retrospective analysis of 674 medical records of patients who received medical care at the Republican Infectious Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Mordovia was carried out. In all hospitalized patients, the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis was confirmed bacteriologically (stool examination). The sensitivity of Salmonella to antibacterial drugs was determined by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton medium.

     As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in the Republic of Mordovia there is an annual registration of salmonellosis and the incidence for many years has exceeded the average for Russia. After a short-term decline in the indicator against the backdrop of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, its increase is noted. Compared to 2021, the increase was up to 24.4 per 100 thousand population (in 2021 ‒ 6.6 per 100 thousand population).

     New species of Salmonella are reported periodically, but the main serological variant causing salmonellosis is S. Enteritidis. Among S. Enteritidis isolates in 2022‒2023, there is a decrease in overall antibiotic resistance. Their high sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics is noted.

   The research aimed at studying the participation of infants in the epidemic process of chickenpox in Primorsky Krai. The article also assesses susceptibility of children to varicella and substantiates the leading mechanism of transmission and patterns of the epidemic process.

   Materials and methods: statistical data on the incidence of chickenpox for 2009-2018 in Primorsky Krai. The method of mapping and allocating risk areas. A correlation analysis of time series by areas in children under one year of age with other age groups. The study of the structure of children under one year of age with chickenpox in the cities of Ussuriysk and Vladivostok.

   Results: In Primorsky Krai, a high incidence of chickenpox in infants was recorded. The maximum rate was in Nakhodka (24.8 per 1,000 children). The distribution of average indicators in children under one year of age in Primorsky Krai partially corresponded to the aggregate data. The proportion of infants among patients with chickenpox ranged from 1.5 % in Kavalerovsky District to 3.7 % in Olginsky District. An analysis of the structure of ill infants in Vladivostok and Ussuriysk showed that the disease develops in any month of life. In the pediatric department of the “Children’s Home” in the city of Nakhodka, an epidemic outbreak affected all 29 children, including six under the age of 6 months.

   Conclusions: All people are susceptible to chickenpox after birth. The main mechanism of transmission of the pathogen is contact. Its activity determines morbidity levels, including in children under one year of age. The age at risk of infection is determined by the conditions of contact paths and human behavior.

Nowadays, dental anomalies in children and teenagers are common pathologies that have a negative impact on the functional state of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity, as well as in general physical development. At the same time, they have a wide range of etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of their development. According to the literature, the problems of occlusion disorders in congenital collagenopathies have not been sufficiently studied, which gave a reason to choose the direction of this research work.

Aim. To study the parameters of anatomical deformities of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in deep bite in children and teenagers with various degrees of severity of connective tissue dysplasia. Materials and methods. A study of 306 children and teenagers with DST aged 12-18 years was conducted, of which 157 boys and 149 girls. Deep bite was diagnosed in 124 schoolchildren. The degree of DST was determined by the method of T. Milkovska-Dmitrova and A. Karkashev (1985). At the medical appointment, after determining the dental status, there was performed a biometric study on plaster models of the patient. To obtain objective data, there was used the standard Pon and Tone method.

Results. Of all the examined groups of children and adolescents with DST, 37.92+1.08 % with deep bite were diagnosed, where the indicator of mild DST was at the level of 41.94+1.01 %, and moderate and severe 30.64+1.21 % and 27.42+1.26 %, respectively. The dynamics of the average statistical data of the premolar index shows an increasing trend for the severity of anatomical deformities of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in the form of narrowing. The dynamics of the molar index at various degrees of severity of DST determines that with a mild degree, narrowing was observed, whereas with an average degree, pronounced expansion of the alveolar process of the upper jaw was diagnosed, where this value decreases to a severe degree.

Conclusions. The established parameters of the values of anatomical deformities of the alveolar process of the upper jaw in deep bite, depending on the severity of DST in children and adolescents, contribute to timely diagnosis and prompt implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures, which accordingly eliminates or minimizes long-term complications of local phenotypic manifestations of congenital collagenopathy.

Hereditary ataxias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of nervous system diseases, mostly progressive and mainly clinically characterized by coordination disorders due to degeneration of the corresponding afferent and efferent neuronal systems. Hereditary ataxias are divided into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive forms; sporadic forms with unspecified or unknown transmission mechanism are also distinguished. In this article, we review the impact of hereditary ataxias on the cognitive function. We present data from various studies that collectively shed light on the complex relationships between motor and cognitive impairments in patients with hereditary ataxias.

Dentists quite often meet various types of non-constructive and conflict patient’s behavior. Meanwhile, there are rare cases when patients without both hands with aggressive behavior show manic persistence of defending their wrong position regarding their orthopedic treatment. We have not found such examples in the available literature, so we’d like to share a description of the orthopedic treatment of such a patient.

A 65-year-old patient visited the orthopedic clinic of the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, complaining of bad previous teeth treatment in one of the dental clinics in Krasnoyarsk. The patient had been making dental prosthetics there for six months. He had filed a complaint to the appropriate authorities. An expert consultation of patient A. showed such complaints as: partial absence of teeth, difficulty of chewing food, increased sensitivity of the lower teeth to sweet and cold, mobility of the lower incisors, pain in the area of the right temporomandibular joint with opening of the mouth.

Carious, filled teeth, wedge-shaped defects of hard dental tissues, as well as periodontal diseases were identified. The patient’s request was to recommend cheap orthopedic materials and structures. So, stamped crowns and a removable partial plate prosthesis with bent clammers on the lower jaw, and a bridge-shaped prosthesis with stamped crowns on the upper jaw were recommended. Having received a consultation, the patient did not agree with the opinion of experts on non-removable prosthetics. The removable plate prostheses with bent clammers were made on the upper and lower jaws, which the patient did not like. The clinic made new removable prostheses with acetal clammers, which the patient also did not like, but he agreed to get used to them. Removing and fixing these prostheses presented great difficulties, which were associated with the deformity of phalanges. The patient somehow removes and fixes prostheses with the help of sharp objects.

Smoking and vaping are common bad habits, especially among young people. Studying this phenomenon among students is important for developing programs to prevent smoking initiation and help in quitting it. These programs can help improve youth health and reduce the risk of serious illnesses. Purpose: to study the prevalence of smoking traditional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (including vaping) among 1styear students of the Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University. The study covered 152 1st-year students of one of the educational departments of the North-Eastern Federal University aged 17 to 30 years (average age 20.62±2.97). A data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software package. A comparison of two groups according to a quantitative indicator with a normal distribution, provided that variances were equal, was performed using Student’s t-test. The share of non-smoking respondents slightly prevailed – 61.8 % (94). The proportion of smokers was 39.2 % (58), of which 35 women (60.34 %), 23 men (39.65 %), the average age of women and men was 20.6 ± 3.03 and 20.65 years, respectively. The smoking experience in men was significantly higher: the average smoking experience in men was 6.48±5.18 years, in women –3.17±2.53 (p=0.002). Thus, men started smoking on average at 14.17±3.96 years, women – at 17.43±3.62 (p=0.002). The smoking index ranged from values close to zero to 7.2 pack/years (mean value – 1.23±1.62 pack/years). The results showed that the majority of respondents noted an increased desire to smoke in a state of stress – 40 (69 %), shortness of breath – 30 (51.7 %), skin problems – 26 (44.8 %), fatigue – 25 (43.1 %), gastrointestinal disorders – 16 (27.6 %), “lump” in the throat – 15 (25.9 %), cough – 22 (37.9 %), frequent headaches 20 (34.5 %), blurred vision – 14 (24.1 %), and attacks of suffocation – 5 (8.6 %). None of the symptoms were noticed in 6 out of 58 (10 %) respondents. The majority of students who combine smoking with vaping do not plan to give up the bad habit (73.07 %), students smoking traditional cigarettes also showed a high percentage of adherence to the bad habit, with 50 % not planning to give up smoking. Thus, this study highlights the need to develop programs to prevent smoking initiation and help to quit among students, which can help improve the health of young people and reduce the risk of serious diseases.

Changes in metabolism at high latitudes are a physiological adaptation to “northern stress” caused by the influence of meteorological and heliogeophysical factors. The study of metabolic blood parameters can serve to assess the risk of developing the disease in the future due to a decrease in the body’s adaptive reserves when it is influenced by environmental factors of various nature. The stress potential of natural northern climatic and geophysical factors may increase in relation to those people who come to the North from regions with a temperate climate and work in specific conditions, in particular in water transport.The water transport workers of Yakutia in the number of 206 men were examined, with 96 of them coming from other regions of the Russian Federation. The biochemical parameters of blood serum were evaluated according to groups formed according to the level of adaptive potential (AP). Anthropometric (height, weight) and functional (heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SAD, DAD)) were determined body parameters, as well as biochemical parameters of blood serum. The level of AP, the de Ritis coefficient (CDR) and the atherogenicity coefficient (CA) were calculated. The results obtained made it possible to identify violations of adaptation processes among employees, mainly among newcomers. According to biochemical parameters, deviations in the level of enzymes, glucose, de Ritis coefficient (CDR) and atherogenicity coefficient (CA) were revealed.