Генетическая регуляция циркадных ритмов и цикла сон/бодрствование при нарушениях сна (систематический обзор)

Нарушения сна представляют собой группу патологий, сложно поддающихся дифференциации и диагностике, обладающих симптоматическими сходствами между собой и с другими заболеваниями. Также нарушения сна являются коморбидными состояниями, потому могут возникнуть сложности при уточнении диагноза. Благодаря полногеномному поиску ассоциаций (GWAS) за последние 20 лет было установлено, что нарушения сна генетически обусловлены, частично наследуются и являются полигенными. Циркадные ритмы являются важным механизмом регуляции цикла сон/бодрствование, однако они также генетически обусловлены. Циркадные ритмы регулируются «часовыми» генами, чья экспрессия подчиняется суточной ритмичности. В связи с вышеперечисленными причинами необходим поиск биомаркеров, способных дать точную информацию для последующей диагностики нарушений сна. В данной работе проведён обзор опубликованных на данный момент научных исследований, описывающих гены и генетические варианты (ОНВ), принимающие непосредственное участие в генетической регуляции циркадных ритмов и цикла сон/бодрствование, а также представлены аберрантно экспрессируемые гены и ОНВ, потенциально являющиеся биомаркерами нарушений сна, благодаря которым возможно упрощение процесса диагностики данного типа расстройств.

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