vfumedВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences2587-5590Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/2587-5590-2026-2-102-123vfumed-456Research ArticleМЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИPATIENTS HEALTH SCIENCESГенетическая регуляция циркадных ритмов и цикла сон/бодрствование при нарушениях сна (систематический обзор)Genetic regulation of circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle in sleep disorders (a systematic review)ПоповА. А.PopovA. A.

ПОПОВ Александр Андреевич, лаборант лаборатории медицинской генетики

г. Красноярск, пр-т Свободный 76К, кв. 22-02

Тел. 8-908-025-36-79

POPOV, Aleksandr Andreevich, laboratory assistant, Laboratory of Medical Genetics

Krasnoyarsk

Reptile03@mail.ruТимечкоЕ. Е.TimechkoE. E.

ТИМЕЧКО Елена Евгеньевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики

г. Красноярск, ул. Яковлева 1, кв. 48

Тел. 8-923-450-09-87

TIMECHKO, Elena Evgenevna, junior researcher, Laboratory of Medical Genetics

Krasnoyarsk

e.e.timechko@yandex.ruЯкимовА. М.YakimovA. M.

ЯКИМОВ Алексей Михайлович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики

г. Красноярск, ул. Яковлева 1, кв. 48

Тел. 8-929-028-12-00

YAKIMOV, Aleksey Mihaylovich, junior researcher, Laboratory of Medical Genetics

Krasnoyarsk

cilvana20010z@gmail.comВасильеваА. А.VasilievaA. A.

ВАСИЛЬЕВА Анастасия Александровна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики

г. Красноярск, ул. Ленина 112, кв. 8

Тел. 8-933-996-14-88

VASILIEVA, Anastasia Aleksandrovna, junior researcher, Laboratory of Medical Genetics

Krasnoyarsk

drroptimusprime@gmail.comКарнауховВ. Е.KarnauhovV. V.

КАРНАУХОВ Владислав Евгеньевич, аспирант кафедры медицинской генетики и клинической нейрофизиологии

г. Красноярск, ул. Академика Киренского 2И, кв. 413

Тел. 8-983-500-04-84

KARNAUHOV, Vladislav Evgenevich, graduate student, Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology IPE

Krasnoyarsk

Karnauhov.vlad@mail.ruДмитренкоД. В.DmitrenkoD. V.

ДМИТРЕНКО Диана Викторовна, заведующая кафедрой медицинской генетики и клинической нейрофизиологии ИПО, заведующая лабораторией медицинской генетики

г. Красноярск, ул. Карла Маркса 124

Тел. 8-908-016-03-12

DMITRENKO, Diana Viktorovna, Head of Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology IPE, Head of Laboratory of Medical Genetics

Krasnoyarsk

mart2802@yandex.ruКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет им. В.Ф. Во́йно-Ясене́цкогоРоссияProf. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20261207202602102123Copyright © Попов А.А., Тимечко Е.Е., Якимов А.М., Васильева А.А., Карнаухов В.Е., Дмитренко Д.В., 20262026Попов А.А., Тимечко Е.Е., Якимов А.М., Васильева А.А., Карнаухов В.Е., Дмитренко Д.В.Popov A.A., Timechko E.E., Yakimov A.M., Vasilieva A.A., Karnauhov V.V., Dmitrenko D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/456

Нарушения сна представляют собой группу патологий, сложно поддающихся дифференциации и диагностике, обладающих симптоматическими сходствами между собой и с другими заболеваниями. Также нарушения сна являются коморбидными состояниями, потому могут возникнуть сложности при уточнении диагноза. Благодаря полногеномному поиску ассоциаций (GWAS) за последние 20 лет было установлено, что нарушения сна генетически обусловлены, частично наследуются и являются полигенными. Циркадные ритмы являются важным механизмом регуляции цикла сон/бодрствование, однако они также генетически обусловлены. Циркадные ритмы регулируются «часовыми» генами, чья экспрессия подчиняется суточной ритмичности. В связи с вышеперечисленными причинами необходим поиск биомаркеров, способных дать точную информацию для последующей диагностики нарушений сна. В данной работе проведён обзор опубликованных на данный момент научных исследований, описывающих гены и генетические варианты (ОНВ), принимающие непосредственное участие в генетической регуляции циркадных ритмов и цикла сон/бодрствование, а также представлены аберрантно экспрессируемые гены и ОНВ, потенциально являющиеся биомаркерами нарушений сна, благодаря которым возможно упрощение процесса диагностики данного типа расстройств.

Sleep disorders are a group of pathologies that are difficult to differentiate and diagnose due to the presence of many features. It is noted that sleep disorders have symptomatic similarities with each other and with other diseases, and are also comorbid conditions, which may lead to difficulties in clarifying the diagnosis. Thanks to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in the previous 20 years, it was found that sleep and its disorders are genetically determined, partially inherited and polygenic. Circadian rhythms are an important mechanism for regulating the sleep/wake cycle, but they are also genetically determined. Circadian rhythms are regulated by clock genes, whose expression follows the circadian rhythm. Due to the above reasons, there is an urgent need to search for biomarkers capable of providing accurate information for the subsequent diagnosis of sleep disorders. This paper provides a review of currently published scientific studies describing genes and genetic variants (SNVs) directly involved in the genetic regulation of circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle, as well as aberrantly expressed genes and SNVs, potentially biomarkers of sleep disorders, which may simplify the process of diagnosing this type of disorders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.