The article presents the structure of newly diagnosed and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis registered in the districts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in 2020, based on the analysis of medical records of 146 new cases of respiratory tuberculosis, including 110 newly diagnosed and 36 relapses. When distributing patients by age and sex, it was found that men (61.8-77.8 %, respectively) of the most able-bodied age of 30-49 years predominate both among newly diagnosed patients and among relapses. According to the place of residence, both among the newly diagnosed and among the relapses, rural residents prevailed at 69.2 %, with urban residents making 30.8 %. When distributing the patients by districts of the republic, agricultural regions (50.7 %), industrial (28.8 %) and Arctic regions (20.5 %) prevailed. When examining the timing of the passage of a fluorographic (FLG) study, it was revealed that 58.2 % of those newly diagnosed underwent annual FLG, with a relapse – 91.7 %. Missing FLG for 2-3 or more years among newly diagnosed patients was observed in non-working working-age people with alcohol dependence. It was noted that the cases of newly diagnosed tuberculosis were more often detected during FLG examination – 60.9 %, and the relapses much – more often (in 72.2 %) when seeking treatment, with complaints mainly about prolonged cough, fever, shortness of breath. Infiltrative and disseminated tuberculosis occurs equally in newly diagnosed patients (44.5 % and 28.2 %) and patients with relapse (50 % and 19.4 %). Bacterial excretion was detected in the majority of the patients equally in both newly diagnosed (69.1 %) and relapses (70.5 %). At the same time, drug-susceptible (DS) and drug-resistant (DR) MBT occurred in equal proportions in newly diagnosed patients – 51.3 % and 48.7 %. Among those newly diagnosed, resistance to HR+ reserve drugs was more common in 40.5 % of patients; in the patients with relapses, resistance to HR+ of the main and reserve anti-TB drugs prevailed in 51.9 % of thecases. XDR MBT were detected in isolated cases (2.7-7.4 %) both among newly diagnosed and patients with relapses.

Humanity has faced an infection caused by a new strain of human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The infection is characterized by a variety of clinical symptoms with damage not only to the respiratory tract, but also to other organs and systems. Against the background of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, the widespread introduction of anti-epidemic measures has led to a change in the situation with other infectious diseases. The purpose of this work was to analyze the incidence of acute intestinal infections among children in the city of Yakutsk. Acute intestinal infections (AII) refer to diseases that are transmitted by the alimentary route. In the Russian Federation, from the very beginning of the epidemic manifestations of COVID-19, a course has been taken to implement the “advanced response” strategy, in accordance with which all anti-epidemic measures have been and are being carried out. The restrictive measures introduced as part of the fight against the spread of COVID-19 have had a beneficial effect on the epidemiological situation with many other infections. Many countries have implemented social distancing as a measure to “flatten the curve” of the ongoing epidemic. The results obtained by us coincide with the data obtained in other regions during similar studies. The decrease in the number of cases of most infectious diseases is a fact common to countries where anti-epidemic measures have been taken. We analyzed data on hospitalized patients with AII in the Children’s Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Yakutsk for 2018, 2019, and 2020. We identified some features of the dynamics of the incidence of acute intestinal infections in children in the pre-pandemic period and in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The introduction of anti-epidemic measures against the background of a new coronavirus infection led to a significant decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases in general and to a significant decrease in the number of acute intestinal infections in children.

The paper presents data obtained as a result of a five-year follow-up of male patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in a polyclinic for the period from 2015 to 2019. 48 records of outpatients with AH were studied. The aim of the study was to study and compare the results of 5-year monitoring of the course of hypertension at the outpatient stage. The positive dynamics of heart rate in young / middle-aged men was obviously due to changes in treatment regimens with the inclusion of the most effective, modern drugs. The relationship of hemodynamic parameters, hemoglobin level and GHD with kidney function may indicate the predominance of AH of renal origin. In addition, the correlation of the concentration function of the kidneys with the level of glucose in the blood and triglycerides with sodium apparently indicates in favor of renal failure against the background of diabetes mellitus. In the elderly / senile age, an increase in the rate of SHD in the last two years of observation was alarming in terms of aggravation of the condition in the future. The negative correlation of hemoglobin level with TG was obviously due to the most common comorbidities at this age – hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and suggests the predominance of secondary AH of neuroendocrine origin. The close relationship of hemodynamic parameters with the state of metabolism should be taken into account in the recommendations for rational nutrition in this group.

The article discusses the conditions and forms of selective prevention of suicidal behavior in minors living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Recently, theWHO approved a new classification for the prevention of mental disorders. There are 3 types of prevention in this classification: universal, focused on the initial prevention of mental disorders, and aimed at the entire population. This form corresponds to the previous concept of primary prevention. The next type is selective prevention aimed at risk groups (previously not separately allocated). Indicative prevention corresponds to the previous concept of tertiary prevention. Selective prevention from this classification was first applied by us in relation to the prevention of suicidal behavior. This selective prevention is aimed at adolescents who are at increased risk of suicide in biological, psychological, or socio-economic terms. The article presents a profile of a modern minor suicidal person in the North: a boy from among the representatives of the indigenous population with anxious and suspicious character traits, most often coming from an incomplete family. The content of selective prevention is revealed: it is a psychological correction of the emotional and personal sphere of children and adolescents to reduce anxiety, increase self-confidence, correct self-esteem and the level of claims. For psychological correction, it is recommended to use such behavioral therapy methods as game psychotherapy, assertiveness training, life skills training, and male mentoring.

Inguinal hernia in children is one of the most common surgical diseases, the peak of detection being in the first 3 months of life. Most cases of inguinal hernia are diagnosed during the neonatal period, especially in premature babies [1, 2]. Advances in intensive care and increased survival of preterm infants are increasing the incidence of this pathology in infants. The risk of strangulation in inguinal hernia occurs much more often in children of the first three months of life and, according to different authors, ranges from 28 % to 31 %. By 6 months, this figure regresses to 15-24 %. In premature infants, the incidence of strangulated inguinal hernia is 13–18 %, which is associated with a wider deep inguinal ring [2, 3, 4]. In girls, when strangulated, the contents of the hernial sac are often the ovary and fallopian tube, which undergo torsion and infarction [5, 6, 7].

As the study showed, most often in 66 % of cases, strangulated hernias were found in infants up to 1 year old, since most cases of inguinal and inguinal-scrotal hernias are diagnosed in this age period. 1/3 of the patients with strangulated hernias were girls, in 58 % of cases the strangulated organs had appendages, in 28 % of cases they had organ necrosis, ovariectomies were performed. In 72 % of cases, the loop of the small intestine was infringed, there were no trophic changes in all cases.

The article is devoted to the studying of periodontal tissues in children with sensory deprivation of vision and conventionally healthy children in the city of Krasnoyarsk. The issues of complex evaluation of oral cavity hygienic condition and of the inflammation process in periodontal tissues with vision pathology are absent in scientific literature. A clinical examination was performed for children with impaired vision from special (correctional) remedial educational institutions type III and IV for blind and visually impared children aged 5-18. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity was evaluated using the hygiene index by Fedorov-Volodkina, while the severity of gingivitis was studied via the papillary marginal alveolar index (PMA). The condition of periodontal tissues was assessed based on the complex periodontal index (CPI). Comparative assessment of the data obtained from children with sensory deprivation of vision and conventionally healthy children was carried out. The children with vision pathology were revealed to have the highest frequency of periodontal tissue diseases as well as a higher risk of such diseases than that in the conventionally healthy children, which shows the necessity of individual preventive dental procedures for this category of subjects.

Based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the results of the analysis of mortality rates of the population of the Central Federal District for the period from 2016 to 2020 are presented. According to Rosstat, the number of deaths in Russia increased significantly in 2020. In January-December 2020, 2,124.5 thousand deaths were registered, which is 323.8 thousand people, or 18 % more than in January-December of the previous year. Of these, about half are those who died from COVID-19. The number of deaths from coronavirus during the pandemic exceeded 162 thousand people. The overall mortality rate increased to 14.5 % (deaths per 1,000 permanent population) against 12.3 % according to the 2019 data.

The resumption of the trend of moderate growth in the number of deaths is quite expected, given the aging of the population and the wave-like deformations of the age structure of the Russian population. Now the age of 70 years and older is reached by numerous generations born in the 1950s, and the mortality rate already at the age of 60 years and older is an order of magnitude higher than in middle ages.

In 2014-2019, age-related mortality rates decreased to one degree or another across all age groups, but at the same time the age composition of the population changed markedly. In 2019, the population in the age groups of 60 years and older was noticeably larger than in 2014. The only exception was a relatively small group of people 75-79 years old, born in 1940-1944. If in 2019 the age composition of the Russian population had been the same as in 2014, then with the age mortality rates of 2019, the total number of deaths would have been 6 % less than the actual one; or, in other words, the actual number of deaths turned out to be 6.4 % more due to changes in the age structure.

However, the change in the age composition of the population can only partially explain an increased number of deaths in 2020. The increase turned out to be several times more than one would expect, and it mainly occurred at the end of the year.

This study was conducted in order to study the dynamics of indicators characterizing the state of public health, in particular, medical and demographic processes, in the Vilyui group of districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over a 30-year period (1990 – 2019). There was a need for a more thorough study of the health of the population living in Mirninsky, Suntarsky, Nyurbinsky, Verkhnevilyuisky and Vilyuisky districts.

The analysis of the following medical and demographic indicators in these areas was carried out in comparison with other regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): birth rate, total mortality, natural population growth, and infant mortality. It was revealed that the medical and demographic situation in the Vilyui group of districts was generally favorable. Only Mirninsky (in terms of fertility) and Suntarsky (in terms of infant mortality) districts had separate unfavorable positions. Particular attention was paid to the dynamics of changes in medical and demographic indicators over the past 3 years.

The results of the study will make it possible at an early stage to note adverse changes in the state of health, in particular, medical and demographic indicators, and to implement appropriate preventive measures. Such measures can also be envisaged on the basis of systematic medical and environmental monitoring of the health of the population and environmental factors (a complex of natural, man-made and socio-economic factors).

Statistical data indicate a high level of morbidity in the main classes of diseases and mortality among the male population of older age groups, which requires a comprehensive study. The purpose of this study was to determine the biophysical parameters of the body in mature Yakut men. A total of 41 men of the first and second periods of adulthood, workers and employees of various enterprises of Yakutsk were examined. An anthropometric and bioimpedancmetric examination was carried out. The overall dimensions of the body (length and body weight), waist circumference and hip circumference were measured, BMI and the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference were calculated. Bioimpedance measurement was carried out using the analyzer of body composition and balance of water sectors of the body ABC – 01 “Medass”. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 software package. An anthropometric survey revealed that according to the BMI, most men are overweight and obese, according to the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference a larger proportion of the surveyed men have visceral obesity. Bioelectric indicators and parameters of the component composition of the body were established. In men of mature age, higher relative indicators of fat mass, extracellular fluid and reduced values of musculoskeletal mass were revealed in comparison with similar parameters of Yakut young males.

This research covers the analysis of the economic affordability of the range of drugs for the treatment of neoplasms class diseases included in the restrictive lists of drugs. A positive dynamics of growth in the incidence of neoplasms was recorded, the leading position in the growth of the number of diseases is occupied by Oryol region, where average rate of increase (ΔRincr) is 9 %. The number of antineoplastic drugs used in the treatment of diseases of class C00-D48 CLASS II Neoplasms included in the list of vital and essential drugs in 2019 totalled to 781 drugs. When analyzing the price range of this array of drugs, it was revealed that 69.4 % of antineoplastic drugs are in the price range over 1,000 rubles. An analysis of economic availability of antineoplastic drugs showed that the best value of the integral indicator of the availability coefficients are for Cyclophosphan-LENS®, Fluorouracil-Teva, Rubomycin (ONOPB JSC), the least available were: Vargatef, Imbruvika, Tafinlar. The integral indicators of availability coefficients of the researched drugs range from 0.443 (Cyclophosphan-LENS®) to 6531.884 (Vargatef). The analysis of the economic affordability of the range of restrictive lists of drugs used for the treatment of neoplasm class diseases is an important aspect of the activity, which makes it possible to give an objective assessment of the work of executive authorities and entities in the sphere of drug circulation in the formation of an affordable range of restrictive lists of drugs.