Experience of using ultrasonic diagnostics in acute inflammatory processes of the salivary glands in children

Objective: using the sialography method, to determine the signs characteristic of acute inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in childhood. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 147 case histories of children with acute and exacerbated chronic sialoadenitis was performed. The localization of the inflammatory process, the nature of the discharge from the excretory ducts of the salivary glands, the severity of the intoxication syndrome (temperature, ESR, leukocyte count) and ultrasound examination protocols were studied. Results. In sialoadenitis, the parotid salivary gland was affected in 96 % of cases, and the submandibular salivary gland was affected in 4 %. The ESR index in acute sialadenitis changed in 50 %–65 % of the cases; increased body temperatures were observed in 21.4 %–50 %; leukocytosis – in 25 %–62 % of the cases. In acute sialadenitis, saliva was not released from the duct in 78 %–92 % of the cases, purulent discharge was observed in 5 %– 21.5 % of the cases; in acute chronic sialadenitis, there was no saliva in 69.6 %, purulent discharge – in 26.1 %, and cloudy saliva – in 4.3 % of the cases. Sialography showed that in acute sialadenitis, the salivary glands were enlarged in 81–90 % of the cases. Decreased echogenicity was observed in 4 %–20 % of th ecases, increased echogenicity – in 30 %–35 % of the cases. Enlargement of intraorgan and extraorgan lymph nodes was noted in 69.4 % and 60.48 % of the cases, respectively. Thickening of the duct walls was recorded in 4.8 % of the cases, increased vascular pattern in 12.1 % of the cases. Conclusion: Ultrasound data in exacerbation of chronic sialoadenitis differ from acute in a higher frequency of detection of hypoechoic areas, thickening of the duct wall, increased vascular pattern, and the appearance of a larger number of intraorgan lymph nodes. The use of the sialography method allows us to determine the entry gate of infection, differentiate pathology and assess the impact of the anatomical changes on the occurrence and outcome of the disease.

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