SALMONELLOSIS: DISTRIBUTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE

     Salmonellosis is one of the most common intestinal infections and remains a pressing problem for all regions of the Russian Federation. Relatively recently, the problem of this infection mainly concerned economically developed countries (“disease of civilization”), but currently it concerns most countries of the world. The spread of this disease is often caused by foodborne transmission, despite the high level of food quality control and the availability in most cases of epidemiologically safe drinking water. The development of generalized and extraintestinal forms of salmonellosis with a severe course is possible, which is associated in some cases with the formation of multiresistant strains of the microorganism, leading not only to the generalization of the process, but also causing high mortality.

     The purpose of our research was to study circulating serovars and the sensitivity of Salmonella to antibacterial drugs in the Republic of Mordovia for the period from 2017 to 2023. A retrospective analysis of 674 medical records of patients who received medical care at the Republican Infectious Clinical Hospital of the Republic of Mordovia was carried out. In all hospitalized patients, the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis was confirmed bacteriologically (stool examination). The sensitivity of Salmonella to antibacterial drugs was determined by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton medium.

     As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in the Republic of Mordovia there is an annual registration of salmonellosis and the incidence for many years has exceeded the average for Russia. After a short-term decline in the indicator against the backdrop of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, its increase is noted. Compared to 2021, the increase was up to 24.4 per 100 thousand population (in 2021 ‒ 6.6 per 100 thousand population).

     New species of Salmonella are reported periodically, but the main serological variant causing salmonellosis is S. Enteritidis. Among S. Enteritidis isolates in 2022‒2023, there is a decrease in overall antibiotic resistance. Their high sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics is noted.

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