ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SALMONELLOSIS AND SENSITIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS TO ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

Salmonellosis is one of the most common acute intestinal diseases, often occurring in the form of group outbreaks with food transmission factor. Among infections of bacterial etiology, it has the highest incidence rates. Infection is registered in all countries and is an pressing medical problem, including the Russian Federation. Also, the public health problem is the resistance of the pathogen to antimicrobial drugs, there is a constant need to determine sensitivity for the correction of therapy.

The purpose of our study was to determine the etiological structure of salmonellosis and sensitivity of individual salmonella isolates to antibacterial drugs in the Republic of Mordovia in various years of observation. The material of this study was the case histories of 500 patients hospitalized in Republican Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out.

We have identified that in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, the incidence of salmonellosis for many years exceeded the average incidence in Russia. At the same time, its decline was noted during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (as well as in Russia as a whole). The article reflects the results of the analysis of the etiological structure, provides data on the dynamic monitoring of the sensitivity of salmonella to antibacterial drugs in the republic. We noted that the appearance of new serological variants of the pathogen is often recorded. At the same time, S. Enteritidis remains predominant.

Enteritidis, Munchen, Newport, and Glostrup were highly sensitive to fluoroquinolones, betalactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams. However, there is a growing trend in the resistance of salmonella to antibacterial drugs, sometimes simultaneously to five and six. Low sensitivity was revealed to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline (more often in S. Enteritidis and S. Glostrup). The information obtained can be used to assess the epidemiological situation, to monitor antimicrobial resistance within the framework of epidemiological surveillance, to optimize antibacterial therapy, as well as in the educational process and clinical practice.

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