FROM HUMAN MEDICINE IN THE NORTH TO “NORTHERN MEDICINE”: STUDIES OF SCIENTISTS FROM RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF THE NORTH

The article presents a historical insight with a review of the most important scientific results obtained at the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, to clarify the peculiarities of the general mechanisms of human organs and systems in their ontogenesis during life-span in the extreme environmental conditions of the Far North. The prevalence, risk factors and features of the clinical course of diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and ENT pathology in various ethnic groups were studied. The pathogenetic mechanisms of immunoreactivity disorders were established. Differentiated approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of various forms and clinical and pathogenetic variants of allergies were developed. The specific relationships between indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and hormonal regulation were convincingly proven, which made it possible to solve practical problems of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients in the northern regions.

The specific damaging effects on almost all functional systems of the child and adult body in the Far North conditions, namely, the newcomer population, with changes in the functional state of vital organs and systems, regulation, immunological reactivity, metabolism and adaptive capabilities were shown to occur.

Specific changes of many functional human systems in high northern latitudes, revealed as a result of long-term complex research, indicate not only the need for the discipline and scientific direction of “Northern Medicine” to be recognized, but also the importance of further detailed fundamental and applied research on studying the physiological data of body organs and systems in the environmental conditions of the North, risk factors and features of developing the pathology affected by disruption of adaptive processes, as well as other complex adaptive body responses during life-span in the conditions of the Far North.

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