CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MINISCREWS IN THE TREATMENT OF SAGITTAL ANOMALIES OF BITE

Dentofacial anomalies are characterized by high prevalence and rank third after dental caries and periodontal diseases, where more than 82 % of the population have disorders of the dental system, ranging from mild cosmetic defects and minor deviations to serious pathology that causes disruption of functional life. In this regard, research aimed at improving the orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies is relevant.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using mini-implants in orthodontic practice in the treatment of sagittal malocclusions.

Research methods. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed in 50 patients, who were divided into 2 groups. In the control group (20 people) there were patients with dentoalveolar anomalies treated with the standard direct arch technique on opening springs; in the experimental group (30 people) mini-screws were used. The duration of treatment in months, the effectiveness of installing mini-screws in various anatomical zones, and the thickness of cortical plastic surgery were analyzed.

Results. When using mini-screws on the upper jaw for 4 months, corpus distalization of the lateral group of teeth is observed, while the canines improve their position according to class I, in turn, when working on opening springs, an angulation displacement occurred due to the tilt of the coronal part of the tooth distally, which had an effect not highly effective in distalization. At the same time, the treatment period for orthodontic pathology when using mini-screws is 19 – 27 months, while when working with opening springs and elastic rods it is 26 – 33 months. The use of mini screws speeds up the movement of the lateral group on the upper and lower jaw. The effectiveness of using micro-implants in distalization was confirmed, where a strong relationship between the signs was revealed. The optimal place for installing a mini-implant is densely attached gums (~5 mm below the level of the transitional fold). Difficulties with positioning microimplants in the upper jaw are associated with the low location of the bottom of the maxillary sinus. A thinner cortical plate is observed in the distal parts of the upper jaw, which does not allow achieving adequate primary stability of the microimplant.

Conclusions. The practical use of mini-screws causes a significant reduction in the treatment period for sagittal malocclusions, where it is necessary to take into account the type of mucosal biotope and the thickness of the cortical plate on the process of microimplant integration.

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