ENDEMIC GOITER IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2022.27.2.003
Abstract
The authors conducted a study of the prevalence and features of the course of endemic goiter in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). According to the classification, the area is considered endemic for goiter if a goiter-altered gland is observed in more than 10 % of the population. There are light, medium and severe goiter endemias. It was revealed that, on average, the prevalence of endemic goiter in the republic is 28 %, which corresponds to the average severity of endemia, but the level of endemia is heterogeneous: there are areas of Yakutia with a severe degree. The peculiarities of endemic goiter in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) should also include the predominance of euthyroid forms (92.8 %) and a high (up to 57.3 %) proportion of thyroid nodules in areas with severe endemia. An important feature is the significant frequency of histologically confirmed thyroid malignancies: 8.2 % of the number of operated. In addition to the lack of iodine and a number of other trace elements in the environment, the body as a whole and, in particular, the thyroid is affected by a number of specific features of Yakutia: extreme temperature and light conditions, pronounced seasonality of climate, anomalies of geomagnetic fields. The predominance of nodular formations of the thyroid gland in endemic areas, especially polynodose (up to 86.9 %), is one of the prerequisites for the more frequent development of cervical-thoracic goiter. Cervical-thoracic goiter requires surgical intervention due to manifestations of compression of the mediastinal organs or the threat of their development. Unlike cervical goiter, with cervical-thoracic goiter, there is a problem of differential diagnosis with other intra-thoracic formations.
About the Authors
M. M. Ivanova
National Center of Medicine of Yakutsk
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Maryana Matveevna Ivanova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Surgeon
Phone +7 (4112) 395698
Clinical Center, Republic’s Hospital No. 1
Surgical Department No. 2
677019
Sergelyakhskoe shosse, 4
Yakutsk
A. V. Tobokhov
M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alexander Vasilevich Tobokhov, Doctor of Medical Schiences, Professor, Head of the Department
Phone +7 (4112) 395644
Department of Hospital Surgery and Radiation Diagnosis
677019
Sergelyakhskoe shosse, 4
Yakutsk
V. N. Nikolaev
M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikolaev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
Phone +7 (4112) 395644
Department of Hospital Surgery and Radiation Diagnosis
677019
Sergelyakhskoe shosse, 4
Yakutsk
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Review
For citations:
Ivanova M.M., Tobokhov A.V., Nikolaev V.N. ENDEMIC GOITER IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA). Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences. 2022;(2):20-25. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2022.27.2.003
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