DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

This article presents an analysis of scholarly opinions and statistics on demographics in Russia. In order to raise the birth rate, a program was introduced that provides material support to families deciding to give birth or adopt a child. Many experts note that the birth rate in Russia is low due to the low level of the financial situation of the population. This programme has had an impact on maternal and child health, on the living conditions of families with children, etc. However, material stimulus is clearly not enough. The implementation of the program has achieved its goal in relation to a certain category of citizens, without significantly changing the general trend, because it is based on slightly different reasons, which at the moment all remain almost without due attention. The migration growth, which used to cover natural losses of the population in the majority of the cities, and smooth disproportions of age structure of the population in the last year, practically stopped due to the epidemiological situation during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the analysis, the author found that as of 1 January 2021, the permanent population of the Russian Federation amounted to 146,8 million people, of which 109.4 million, or 74.5 %, were urban residents, and 37.4 million, or 25.5 %, were rural residents. By specific weight among the inhabitants of Russia, women make up 54 %, men - 46 %. Of the federal districts, the Central Federal District is the most populous, while the rural population in it is 17.8 %. The largest percentage of rural residents are in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts. The author also proposed measures to solve the demographic problem in Russia.

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