An analysis of the dynamics of cancer incidence in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the context of environmental factors

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of cancer morbidity and mortality in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for the period from 2020 to 2022. The focus is on the possible connection between cancer morbidity and the environmental situation in the republic. There is an observed increase in cancer morbidity both worldwide and in the Russian Federation, which is one of the most important problems in medicine. In this regard, an assessment of the morbidity level in the republic was carried out, as a result of which a growth trend was identified. A hypothesis was put forward, the essence of which lies in the presence of a connection between high cancer morbidity and an unfavorable environmental situation. The environmental situation in the region is generally characterized as unfavorable: high levels of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, pollution of surface waters, and soil contamination with petroleum products and heavy metals have been identified, which may contribute to the increase in cancer pathology. This is especially true for industrial districts (Aldansky, Lensky, Neryungrinsky, Ust-Maisky), as well as several northern districts (Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Bulunsky, Verkhnekolymsky), where the incidence exceeds the average republic’s values. Based on a comparison of statistical data on cancer incidence and environmental condition indicators in the republic, areas were identified where a high incidence rate coincides with an unfavorable environmental situation. In this context, a possible relationship between the level of industrial activity and morbidity is observed. Attention is drawn to the combination of radiation factors (elevated radon content) and high cancer incidence in Aldansky and Neryungrinsky Districts. An Arctic paradox was identified: abnormally high morbidity in sparsely populated northern districts with low industrial activity but significant environmental pollution (water and soil). The results of the study emphasize the need to develop regional programs for the prevention and early diagnosis of oncological diseases, especially in environmentally disadvantaged areas, as well as conducting more in-depth studies to confirm the identified patterns.

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