Frequency and results of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents in the Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatric Center, Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains one of the frequent and life-threatening complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in pediatric practice. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency, algorithms of intensive care and the results of treatment of DKA in children in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Pediatric Center of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Materials and methods of research. The analysis of medical records of 138 children with DM1 complicated by DKA was performed. All patients were admitted to the ICU of the Pediatric Center in the period from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2024. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 17 years (11.3±3.6 years), males – 62 (44,9 %), females – 76 (55,1 %) children. The results of the study. In 2021–2024, the number of patients with DKA demonstrated an increasing trend, with 59.4 % of children having the primary manifestation of the disease, and in 40.6 % of cases it was recurrent. Disturbances of consciousness were noted in 35 (25.4 %) patients: deafness was observed in 23 (16.7 %), sopor – in 12 (8.7 %) children. Mild DKA was observed in 64 (46.4 %) patients, moderate – in 31 (22.5 %) and severe – in 43 (31.1 %) patients. Conclusion. Achieving a stable course of the disease and preventing complications of DM1 is possible with the joint management of patients by endocrinologists, child psychologists and social services. Intensive therapy of DKA should be carried out in accordance with approved clinical recommendations while monitoring water-electrolyte balance, acid-base status, and glycemic levels.

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