PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE SUICIDAL RISK IN MINORS IN THE SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA)

The Eastern regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by high suicidal activity and in most cases are national entities. In these regions, the situation with child and adolescent suicides remains extremely poor. The scale of the problem of child and adolescent suicides, especially its growing trend, indicates the need to develop effective prevention of suicidal behavior in minors. The purpose of this study is to analyze preventive work to reduce the number of suicides of minors in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and develop recommendations for the prevention of suicidal behavior in minors. Results. In 2018, the national suicide rate for children per 100,000 population reached 6.8, with the average Russian rate being 2.6 in the same year. Consequently, children and adolescents in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) were at risk of suicide 2.6 times more often than their peers in the Russian Federation. Methodological recommendations “Prevention to reduce the risk of suicide in children and adolescents”, developed by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), have shown low effectiveness, since they do not pay attention to the prevention of suicide in children of senior preschool and primary school age and do not take into account the peculiarities of the emotional sphere of indigenous youth of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Among indigenous youth, Russian suicide researchers have identified features of the emotional and personal sphere in the form of increased levels of anxiety, uncertainty, suspiciousness, and increased feelings of guilt. When analyzing the nosological affiliation of underage patients with suicidal manifestations in 2011-2018, researchers found a significant predominance of patients with «age-related» diagnoses from category F 90-98 «Behavioral and emotional disorders that usually begin in childhood and adolescence». Therefore, prevention of suicidal behavior of indigenous youth of the North should begin not in adolescence, but in preschool and primary school age, since in the adolescent stage of development, characterological features have already been formed. The paradoxically low suicide rate in the republics of the North Caucasus proves the above. From the age of seven, the upbringing of boys in the Caucasus passed into the hands of men and these children were instilled such personal traits as perseverance and selflessness. The basis for early prevention of suicidal behavior is creating conditions that will permit normal development of not only adolescents, but also children at an earlier age, as well as timely identification of the specific characteristics of the emotional-personal sphere in the form of anxiety, insecurity, and suspicion. Conclusion. The analysis of the problem of suicidal behavior in minors in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) shows that the social disadaptation of a child begins not in adolescence, but earlier - in preschool and primary school age. In this regard, prevention of suicidal behavior in minors includes the identification of specific for suicidal behavior of emotional and personal disorders in children of preschool and primary school age and psychological correction of detected disorders in minors.

suicide, suicide index among minors, prevention of suicide risk, features of the emotional and personal sphere, psychological correction, folk pedagogy, Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

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