Analysis of gastrostomy results in patients

Abstract

This article presents an analysis of gastrostomy outcomes in patients. A timely and appropriate decision regarding the need for minimally invasive surgical interventions improves the patient’s quality of life and can prevent premature death. Providing enteral nutrition improves the patient’s quality of life, increases their ability to adapt socially, and prolongs their life. In recent years, minimally invasive (endoscopic) gastrostomy techniques have been introduced into clinical practice. For example, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is used for feeding palliative patients with dysphagia. 8.7 % of inpatients at the State Budgetary Institution of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Hospital No. 2 – Center for Emergency Medical Aid (CEMA) required enteral nutrition (EN). The specifics of EN are largely determined by access to the gastrointestinal tract. A prerequisite in this case is direct contact between the stomach wall and the anterior abdominal wall. The procedure allows for the creation of both temporary and permanent gastric fistulas. A temporary gastrostomy is inserted for a specific period of time, such as to aid recovery after surgery or to overcome a temporary inability to eat orally. When the tube is removed, the stoma closes on its own. A permanent gastrostomy is inserted long-term or permanently. When EN is to be administered to the patient for less than four weeks, conservative methods (tube feeding) are used. If it is to be administered for more than four weeks, minimally invasive surgery is performed. The CEMA Endoscopy Department began installing gastrostomies in 2022. A total of 11 endoscopic gastrostomies were placed in 2022, 35 – in 2023, and 16 – in 2024.