Etiological structure and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms in patients with surgical sepsis

The aim of the study was to analyze the etiological structure of microorganisms and their resistance to antimicrobial drugs in patients with surgical sepsis. Research materials and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit at the Republic Hospital № 1 – M. E. Nikolaev National Center of Medicine. The object of the study is 30 surgical patients with sepsis. All patients were treated in the period 2022–2024. The analysis of 370 microbiological studies of biological media (peritoneal exudate, sputum (tracheal and bronchial aspirate), wound discharge, blood, urine) was carried out. The results of the study. The number of samples with the growth of microorganisms was 350 (94.6 %) samples, without the growth of pathogens –- 20 (5.4 %). A total of 17 microorganisms were isolated, which were more often observed as a mixed infection. Gram-negative microorganisms were the leaders among microorganisms. Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated in 26 (24.3 %); Acinetobacter baumannii – in 18 (16.8 %) studies. Other clinically significant pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found in 13 (12.1 %), 10 (9.3 %) and 4 (3.7 %) samples. Fungal infection was detected in 21 (19.6 %) studies and is mainly represented by Candida glabrata (11.2 %) and Candida albicans (6.5 %). The analysis of antibiotic resistance showed that aminoglycosides (Amikacin) and thirdgeneration cephalosporins (Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime) are active against Klebsiella pneumonia. Activity against Acinetobacter baumannii is shown by Amikacin, carbapenems (Imipenem, Meropenem) and moderate activity of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin). High efficacy in Enterococcus faecium is noted in Vancomycin and Linezoloid. Conclusion. In patients with surgical sepsis, the microbial flora is represented by representatives of nosocomial agents with high resistance to antibacterial drugs, including reserve drugs. Microbiological monitoring, detection and control of local antibiotic resistance makes it possible to optimize and increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy.

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