PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE JAW BONES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The article is a brief summary of various theories of the origin of osteomyelitis - a purulent-necrotic process affecting all structural elements of the bone: compact and spongy substance, as well as the periosteum and surrounding soft tissues. Throughout the existence of mankind, views on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the jaw bones have been constantly changing. The works of ancient Egyptian and ancient Indian healers first mentioned information about the mechanism of osteomyelitis; according to Ibn Sina, Galen and Hippocrates, the cause of this pathological condition is trauma to superficial and deep anatomical formations. Only at the end of the 19th century was it established that the decisive factor in the occurrence of osteomyelitis is the microbial factor. A great contribution to the development of the theory of inflammatory bone diseases was made by Russian scientists A.M. Sobolev, N.I. Pirogov, P.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky: it was they who established the relationship between complications of the carious process and osteomyelitis of the jaws. In the first half of the twentieth century. an active discussion devoted to this issue flared up, in which P.P. Lvov, A.I. Evdokimov, V.M. Uvarov, A.A. Limberg and other prominent clinicians and morphologists actively participated. For several decades, there were disputes about the terminology used to describe the morphological features of the inflammatory process occurring in bone tissue (“panostitis”, “osteitis”, “haversitis”, “osteophlegmon”). It is generally accepted that the modern theory of the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis is a set of theories confirmed by research by Russian and international scientists. The article covers the history of the study of the etiopathogenetic aspects of inflammatory diseases of bone tissue in the Russian Empire and the USSR, as well as the contribution of A.A. Bobrov, E. Lexer, V.M. Uvarov, S.M. Derizhanov and other researchers to the study of the theory of the occurrence of osteomyelitis.

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