THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA OF VARIOUS GENESIS ON THE MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE SPLEEN OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

The spleen is represented by two compartments with different cellular elements differing in immunophenotype, origin, and functions. This determines not only the different sensitivity and difference in reactivity to external irritating factors, but also specific changes within the compartment, both normal and pathological, depending on the duration and type of the active stimulus. The aim of the research was a comparative study of the morphometric parameters of the spleen structures against the background of isolated hypoxic hypoxia and hypoxia combined with natural gas inhalation. The experiment was carried out on 113 white male mongrel rats using seed chambers of the Erisman Institute with the supply of a controlled composition of the air-gas mixture. The beginning of the experiment was considered to be a decrease in oxygen concentration to 17.5%. The animals were placed in a depleted oxygen mixture for five days a week, four hours a day, until an oxygen concentration of 13.5 – 14% was reached. The experiment lasted 120 days, the animals were removed once a month: after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Mixed hypoxia was modeled using the same seed chambers, in addition to the depleted air mixture, natural gas from the Astrakhan field was added through the nozzle at a concentration of 3 mg/m3. A control group (n=13) was isolated, which was placed in a chamber in a similar time mode, but with the usual composition of air. For the manufacture of histological preparations, the spleen was extracted from the abdominal cavity. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson. The analysis and visualization of the preparations were carried out using a ZeissAxioScopeA1 light microscope (Germany) and a LeicaAperioCS2 digital scanner of micropreparations. It was found that by Day 120 of the experiment, in both experimental groups there were changes on the part of the capsule: thickening and loosening with the phenomena of edema; similar changes occur on the part of the trabeculae: thickening due to the phenomena of collagen formation and edema. On the part of the spleen compartments in the group of animals with isolated hypoxic hypoxia, there was an increase in the total volume of white pulp by the end of 90 days of the experiment, which is associated with an increase in the size of the structural components of the white pulp. However, by Day 120, there was a decrease in the volume of white pulp compared to the previous period and control. In the group of animals with mixed hypoxia, the combination of hypoxic and toxic effects of natural gas caused changes in the distribution of volume fractions of the structural zones of the spleen at earlier periods. Thus, a reduction in the volume and density of the distribution of cellular elements in lymphoid nodules occurs already by Day 90 the experiment, while the disappearance of germinative centers in a number of lymphoid nodules is observed, that is, the breakdown of adaptive capabilities occurs after 60 days of the experiment.

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