PROPERTIES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ATTENTION IN ADOLESCENTS IN THE NORTH

The quality of education, which is the main task of secondary education, depends on the functional state of the central nervous system, on the level of development of cognitive functions of the student’s body. The teenage period is characterized by the stress of the functional state of the body due to the restructuring of hormonal and nervous regulation mechanisms. The change and formation of the properties of nervous processes at this age leads to activation or, conversely, to a decrease in cognitive functions, to a change in behavioral and emotional-motivational systems of the brain. The purpose of this work is to study the features of nervous processes, the functional state of the central nervous system according to the parameters of sensorimotor reaction and the main properties of attention in adolescents, depending on gender, during the period of educational activity in the North. The object of the study was teenagers, students of grades 7-8 of secondary schools in Yakutsk, in the number of 58 people (30 girls, 28 boys), whose average age is 13.96 ± 0.11 years. To assess the functional state of the central nervous system and the characteristics of the properties of nervous processes, the method of simple visual-motor reaction (PMR) and choice reaction (RV) was used using the hardware and software complex “NS-Psychotest” (Ivanovo, Neurosoft). The main properties of attention (volume of attention, distribution and switchability of attention) were investigated using the technique of the red-black tables of Schulte-Platonov at the agro-industrial complex “NS-Psychotest” (LLC “Neurosoft”, Ivanovo, Russia).

The results of our research showed that more than half of the adolescents of all the studied groups have a low level of functional state, which indicates the presence of a process of inhibition in the central nervous system; a state of fatigue; a decrease in mental performance and cognitive activity. The presence of differences in gender identity was revealed. Thus, in adolescents, there are gender differences in all parameters of a simple visual-motor reaction, the predominance of inertia of nervous processes in girls and the predominance of imbalance of nervous processes in boys. The presence of significant gender differences is also noted in such properties of attention as the volume and distribution of attention.

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