THE PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS OF APPLYING CELL TECHNOLOGIES IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

A survey of personal publications on cellular technology researches for the past 10 years was made. It was found that in some cases, multipotent stem cells (MSCs) stimulate sclerosis and can cause the development of connective tissue. The application of MSCs for acceleration of the development of granulation tissue vessels is indicated, since MSCs are directly involved in angiogenesis by differentiation into vascular wall cells; this can contribute to a faster clearance of detritus from the wound and an earlier onset of repair processes after surgeries. Despite the literature data, no differentiation of the injected MSCs into highly specialized cells of organ structures was observed. Injected MSCs, as well as their detritus, are phagocytized from tissues by macrophages, which migrate to regional lymph nodes; perivascular phagocytes take part in the absorption of MSCs from the bloodstream. MSCs locally administrated into tissues may spread into lungs and then throughout the body. The possibility of MSC detritus elimination through the pulmonary alveoli outside was noted, but contrary to the literature, the MSC elimination through the liver, kidneys and spleen was not found. The only side effect of MSCs that we have recorded is the progression of ascending urinary tract infection in rat kidneys after the injection of MSCs into the inguinal area, which is most likely associated with the immunomodulatory effect of cell therapy.

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