<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/2587-5590-2026-3-5-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfumed-466</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности антропометрических показателей детей от матерей с гестационным сахарным диабетом и морфологические изменения их плацентарной ткани</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of anthropometric indicators of children from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and morphological changes in their placental tissue</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6186-4353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АЛИМОВ Мирзонуриддин Мирзоолимович, ординатор 1 года кафедры госпитальной педиатрии</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ALIMOV, Mirzonuriddin Mirzoolimovich, first-year resident, Department of Hospital Pediatrics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirzonuriddin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5463-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФИЛИН Алексей Михайлович, ординатор 1 года кафедры педиатрии им. акад. А.Ф. Тура</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>FILIN, Aleksey Mikhailovich, first-year resident, Acad. A.F. Tur Department of Pediatrics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleshka301@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4617-3002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АЛИМОВ Мирзоакбар Мирзоолимович, студент 4 курса</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ALIMOV, Mirzoakbar Mirzoolimovich, 4th-year student</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirzoakbar.alimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5451-964X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракова</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakova</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>РАКОВА Альбина Ханифовна, заведующая отделением новорожденных, врач-неонатолог</p><p>188643, Ленинградская область, Всеволожский район, г. Всеволожск, Колтушское шоссе, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAKOVA, Albina Khanifovna, Head of the Neonatal Department, Neonatologist</p><p>Vsevolozhsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ra4ok07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6135-2869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орищенко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orishchenko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ОРИЩЕНКО Ирина Ивановна, заведующая отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для новорожденных</p><p>188643, Ленинградская область, Всеволожский район, г. Всеволожск, Колтушское шоссе, д. 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ORISHCHENKO, Irina Ivanovna, Head, Department of Neonatal Resuscitation and Intensive Care</p><p>Vsevolozhsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinaori73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-6003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>СОЛОДКОВА Ирина Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SOLODKOVA, Irina Vladimirovna, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Pediatrics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isolodkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГПМУ МЗ РФ; Всеволожская КМБ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Vsevolozhskaya Clinical Medical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПбГПМУ МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всеволожская КМБ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vsevolozhskaya Clinical Medical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алимов М.М., Филин А.М., Алимов М.М., Ракова А.Х., Орищенко И.И., Солодкова И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алимов М.М., Филин А.М., Алимов М.М., Ракова А.Х., Орищенко И.И., Солодкова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alimov M.M., Filin A.M., Alimov M.M., Rakova A.K., Orishchenko I.I., Solodkova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/466">https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/466</self-uri><abstract><p>Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) – заболевание, характеризующееся гипергликемией, впервые выявленной во время беременности, но не соответствующей критериям «манифестного» сахарного диабета. ГСД является одной из важных проблем из-за большой частоты данной патологии, что диктует необходимость изучения заболевания и его влияния на ребенка. Актуальность данной патологии обусловлена высокой и неуклонно растущей распространенностью, коррелирующей с эпидемией ожирения и малоподвижным образом жизни. Изучение патофизиологических механизмов ГСД, особенно на уровне плаценты, является не только научным интересом, но и необходимостью для разработки эффективных профилактических и терапевтических стратегий. В плаценте при ГСД обнаруживаются воспалительные, деструктивные и дистрофические изменения, проявляющиеся нарушением микроциркуляции, фиброзом стромы ворсин и дисфункцией эндотелия сосудов. Выявленные структурные повреждения приводят к функциональной недостаточности, сопровождающейся нарушением транспорта питательных веществ, хронической внутриутробной гипоксией. Помимо значимых акушерских осложнений, при ГСД повышается риск развития макросомии, ранних родов, преждевременного излития околоплодных вод.  В статье представлены особенности антропометрических показателей, срока гестации к моменту рождения детей от матерей с гестационным сахарным диабетом и изменения в плаценте, показавшие, что при данной патологии у матери повышается вероятность воспалительных и деструктивных изменений плацентарной ткани, что может влиять на плод. Проведенное исследование доказывает, что ГСД – не просто эпизод гипергликемии, а системная патология, запускающая каскад патологических реакций в плаценте, являющихся ключевым патофизиологическим звеном, которое опосредует весь спектр неблагополучного влияния на плод – от макросомии до хронической гипоксии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, but not meeting the criteria for overt diabetes. GDM is one of the most significant problems in the modern world due to its high prevalence, which necessitates studying the disease and its impact on the child. The relevance of this condition is due to its high and steadily increasing prevalence, which correlates with the epidemic of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM, especially at the placental level, is not just of scientific interest but an urgent necessity for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), inflammatory, destructive, and dystrophic changes are detected, manifested by impaired microcirculation, fibrosis of the villous stroma, and endothelial dysfunction of the vessels. The identified structural damage leads to functional insufficiency, accompanied by impaired nutrient transport and chronic intrauterine hypoxia. In addition to significant obstetric complications, GDM increases the risk of macrosomia, preterm birth, and premature rupture of membranes. In our article, we present the characteristics of anthropometric indicators, gestational age at birth of children from mothers with gestational diabetes, and placental changes, showing that in this pathology, the mother has an increased likelihood of inflammatory and destructive changes in placental tissue, which, of course, can affect the fetus. Our study convincingly demonstrates that GDM is not merely an episode of hyperglycemia, but a systemic pathology that triggers a cascade of pathological reactions in the placenta, which are a key pathophysiological link mediating the entire spectrum of adverse effects on the fetus – from macrosomia to chronic hypoxia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>масса тела</kwd><kwd>длина тела</kwd><kwd>гестационный возраст</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>патоморфологические изменения плаценты</kwd><kwd>диабетическая фетопатия</kwd><kwd>макросомия</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>body weight</kwd><kwd>body length</kwd><kwd>gestational age</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>pathological morphological changes of the placenta</kwd><kwd>diabetic fetopathy</kwd><kwd>macrosomia</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>intensive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушанова Ф.О., Лобанова К.Г., Переходов С.Н. Гестационный сахарный диабет: особенности течения и исходы беременности в реальной клинической практике //Медицинский совет. – 2021. – № . 7. – С. 184-191;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushanova F.O., Lobanova K.G., Perekhodov S.N. Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical course and pregnancy outcomes in real-world clinical practice. Meditsinskiн sovet. 2021;7:184–191 (in Russian);</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41(Suppl 1): S13-S27. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S002;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41(Suppl 1): S13-S27. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S002;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McIntyre HD, Fuglsang J, Kampmann U, Knorr S, Ovesen S. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women’s Health in the 21st Century. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(24): 16827. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19241682</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McIntyre HD, Fuglsang J, Kampmann U, Knorr S, Ovesen S. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women’s Health in the 21st Century. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(24): 16827. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19241682</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalfrà MG, Burlina S, Del Vescovo GG, Lapolla A. Genetics and epigenetics: new insight on gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 2020; 11: 602477. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.602477</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalfrà MG, Burlina S, Del Vescovo GG, Lapolla A. Genetics and epigenetics: new insight on gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 2020; 11: 602477. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.602477</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева М.В., Заболотнева К.О., Тугай Е.А. Современные патогенетические аспекты гестационного сахарного диабета //Мать и Дитя в Кузбассе. 2024. № 1(96). С. 82-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva M.V., Zabolotneva K.O., Tugai E.A. Modern pathogenetic aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus. Mother and Child in Kuzbas. 2024;1(96):82–86 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022; 377: e067946. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, Li C, Liu Z, Liu F. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022; 377: e067946. DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeedi M, Cao Y, Fadl H, Gustafson H, Simmons D. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus when implementing the IADPSG criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2021 Feb;172:108642. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeedi M, Cao Y, Fadl H, Gustafson H, Simmons D. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus when implementing the IADPSG criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res ClinPract. 2021 Feb;172:108642. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed.; IDF: Brussels, Belgium, 2021. / www/diabetesatlas/org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed.; IDF: Brussels, Belgium, 2021. / www/diabetesatlas/org</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosstat: Healthcare. Russian (Росстат: Здравоохранение [Электронный ресурс].) URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/ 13721</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosstat: Healthcare. Russian (Rosstat: Zdravoohranenie [Jelektronnyj resurs].) URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/ 13721</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; Draznin B., Aroda V.R., Bakris G., Benson G., Brown F.M., Freeman R., et al. 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 // Diabetes Care. 2022. Vol. 45, suppl. 1. P. S232–S243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S015 PMID: 34964864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; Draznin B., Aroda V.R., Bakris G., Benson G., Brown F.M., Freeman R., et al. 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 // Diabetes Care. 2022. Vol. 45, suppl. 1. P. S232–S243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-S015 PMID: 34964864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Committee on Practice Bulletins – Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190. Gestational diabetes mellitus // Obstet. Gynecol. 2018. Vol. 131, N 2. P. e49–e64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Committee on Practice Bulletins – Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190. Gestational diabetes mellitus // Obstet. Gynecol. 2018. Vol. 131, N 2. P. e49–e64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gundalli S. Placenta in eclampsia and preeclampsia /S. Gundalli, R. Kolekar, V. Sunita // IOSR J. Dental. Med. Sci. – 2015. – № 14. – Р. 46-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gundalli S. Placenta in eclampsia and preeclampsia /S. Gundalli, R. Kolekar, V. Sunita // IOSR J. Dental. Med. Sci. – 2015. – № 14. – Р. 46-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrasco-Wong I., Moller A., Giachini F.R., Lima V.V. et al. Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2020;1866(2):165535. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrasco-Wong I., Moller A., Giachini F.R., Lima V.V. et al. Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 2020;1866(2):165535. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clyne A. M. Endothelial response to glucose: dysfunction, metabolism, and transport. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2021;49(1):313–25. DOI: 10.1042/BST20200611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clyne A.M. Endothelial response to glucose: dysfunction, metabolism, and transport. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2021;49(1):313–25. DOI: 10.1042/BST20200611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin-Aragon Baudel M., Espinosa-Tanguma R., Nieves-Cintron M., Navedo M.F. Purinergic signaling during hyperglycemia in vascular smooth muscle cells. Front. Endocrinol. 2020;11:329. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin-Aragon Baudel M., Espinosa-Tanguma R., Nieves-Cintron M., Navedo M.F. Purinergic signaling during hyperglycemia in vascular smooth muscle cells. Front. Endocrinol. 2020;11:329. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аникеев А.С., Старцева Н.М., Грабовский В.М., Ордиянц И.М., Газарян Л.Г., Савичева А.М. Особенности метаболизма у женщин с преэклампсией, сочетающейся с гестационным сахарным диабетом. Доктор.Ру. 2023;22(1):62–67. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378- 2023-22-1-62-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anikeev A.S., Startseva N.M., Grabovskii V.M., et al. Metabolic characteristics in women with preeclampsia combined with gestational diabetes mellitus. Doktor.Ru. 2023;22(1):62–67 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378- 2023-22-1-62-67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumüller S., Lehnen H., Schmitz J., Fimmers R. et al. The impact of insulin treatment on the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and beta-catenin in human fetoplacental vessels. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2015;18(1):17–23. DOI: 10.2350/13-11-1400-OA.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumüller S., Lehnen H., Schmitz J., Fimmers R. et al. The impact of insulin treatment on the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and beta-catenin in human fetoplacental vessels. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2015;18(1):17–23. DOI: 10.2350/13-11-1400-OA.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao R., Sen S., Han B., Ramadoss S. et al. Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and cytokine release: similarities and differences in endothelial cell function. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2014;814:69–75. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao R., Sen S., Han B., Ramadoss S. et al. Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and cytokine release: similarities and differences in endothelial cell function. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2014;814:69–75. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахметова Е.С., Ларева Н.В., Мудров В.А., Гергесова Е.Е. Особенности течения беременности при гестационном сахарном диабете и прогнозирование диабетической фетопатии. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2017;66(4):14–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmetova E.S., Lareva N.V., Mudrov V.A., Gergesova E.E. Features of pregnancy in gestational diabetes mellitus and prediction of diabetic fetopathy. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2017;66(4):14–24 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD66414-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alqudah A., Eastwood K.A., Jerotic D., Todd N. et al. FKBPL and SIRT-1 are downregulated by diabetes in pregnancy impacting on angiogenesis and endothelial function. Front. Endocrinol. 2021;12:650328. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alqudah A., Eastwood K.A., Jerotic D., Todd N., et al. FKBPL and SIRT-1 are downregulated by diabetes in pregnancy impacting on angiogenesis and endothelial function. Front. Endocrinol. 2021;12:650328. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650328</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy D. P. et al. Evidence that children born at early term (37-38 6/7 weeks) are at increased risk for diabetes and obesity-related disorders //American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. – 2017. – Т. 217. – № 5. – С. 588. e1-588. e11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy D. P. et al. Evidence that children born at early term (37-38 6/7 weeks) are at increased risk for diabetes and obesity-related disorders //American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. – 2017. – Т. 217. –  №  5. – С. 588. e1-588. e11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алимов М.М. Влияние гестационного сахарного диабета на массо-ростовые показатели новорожденных / М.М. Алимов, Р.С. Мальцев, А.М. Филин // Студенческая наука–2024: Материалы Всероссийского научного форума студентов с международным участием, Санкт-Петербург, 18–19 апреля 2024 года. – Санкт-Петербург: СанктПетербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, 2024. – С. 731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimov M.M., Mal’cev R.S., Filin A.M. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on the weight and height parameters of newborns. In: Student Science – 2024: Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific forum of students, Saint Petersburg, 18–19 April 2024. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; 2024:731 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алимов М.М. Гестационный сахарный диабет в сочетании с изыбыточной массой тела или ожирением как фактор высокого риска для новорожденного/ М.М. Алимов, А.М. Филин, М.М. Алимов // Фундаментальная наука и клиническая медицина – человек и его здоровье: Материалы XXVIII Международной медико-биологической конференции молодых исследователей (26 апреля 2025 года) – Санкт-Петербург: Сциентиа, 2025;XXVIII;С. 453-454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimov M.M., Filin A.M., Alimov M.M. Gestational diabetes mellitus combined with overweight or obesity as a high-risk factor for the newborn. In: Fundamental Science and Clinical Medicine–Man and His Health: Proceedings of the XXVIII International Medical and Biological Conference of Young Researchers, Saint Petersburg, April 26, 2025. Saint Petersburg: Scientia; 2025:vol. XXVIII:453–454 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алимов М.М. Сравнительная характеристика физического развития детей от матерей с гестационным сахарным диабетом и без него / М.М. Алимов, А.М. Филин, М.М. Алимов // Научное издание 79-я Международная научно-практическая конференция «Достижения фундаментальной, прикладной медицины и фармации» Сборник тезисов: / Под редакцией: профессора Ризаева Ж.А. – Самарканд, 2025. – С. 482-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alimov M.M., Filin A.M., Alimov M.M. Sravnitel’naja harakteristika fizicheskogo razvitija detej ot materej s gestacionnym saharnym diabetom i bez nego. In: Rizaev Zh.A (ed). Proceedings of the 79th International Research-Practical Conference “Advances in fundamental and applied medicine and pharmacology. Samarkand; 2025: 482–483 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
