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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/2587-5590-2026-2-39-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfumed-450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиологическая характеристика заболевания спектра оптиконейромиелита в мире и Республике Саха (Якутия)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Okoneshnikova Epidemiological characteristics of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder worldwide and in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горохова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorokhova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ГОРОХОВА Надежда Юрьевна, соискатель кафедры неврологии и психиатрии</p><p>677000, г. Якутск, Сергеляхское шоссе, 4 км</p><p>Телефон: +879247688899</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>GOROKHOVA, Nadezhda Yurievna, рostgraduate researcher, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry; physician of the higher category, Department of Neurology and Neurogenetics</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadezdayp85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Т. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>T. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИКОЛАЕВА Татьяна Яковлевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии и психиатрии</p><p>г. Якутск, ул. П. Алексеева, 83А</p><p>Телефон: +7 (4112) 33-56-57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>NIKOLAEVA, Tatiana Yakovlevna, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyanic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оконешникова</surname><given-names>Л. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okoneshnikova</surname><given-names>L. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ОКОНЕШНИКОВА Людмила Тимофеевна, заведующий отделением неврологии и нейрогенетики</p><p>Якутск</p><p>Телефон: +79142858118</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>OKONESHNIKOVA, Lyudmila Timofeevna, Head, Department of Neurology and Neurogenetics</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okoneshnikovalt@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУ РС (Я), РБ № 1 – НЦМ им. М.Е. Николаева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republic Hospital No. 1 – M. E. Nikolaev National Center of Medicin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горохова Н.Ю., Николаева Т.Я., Оконешникова Л.Т., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горохова Н.Ю., Николаева Т.Я., Оконешникова Л.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorokhova N.Y., Nikolaeva T.Y., Okoneshnikova L.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/450">https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/450</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодня в мире отмечается значительный рост показателей распространенности заболевания спектра оптиконейромиелита (ЗСОНМ). Заболевание растет и в России, что отражено на примере Республики Саха (Якутия). Эти изменения отчетливо проявляются при анализе якутской этнической группы, которая составляет подавляющее большинство населения республики. ЗСОНМ представлено в виде изолированного или сочетанного поражения одно- или двустороннего оптического неврита, продольно-распространенного поперечного миелита, признаков вовлечения ствола и иных отделов головного мозга, имеющими в большинстве случаев рецидивирующее течение. Имеет гендерно-возрастные особенности, характеризующиеся превалированием женского пола, чаще дебютирует в молодом трудоспособном возрасте, является тяжело инвалидизирующим, каждое обострение несет высокий риск инвалидизации, что имеет большое социально-экономическое значение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past decade, a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has been observed worldwide, including in the Russian population, as exemplified by the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). These changes are particularly pronounced when analyzing the Yakut ethnic group, which constitutes the overwhelming majority of the republic’s population. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder manifests as isolated or combined involvement of unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and signs of brainstem and other brain region involvement, most commonly following a relapsing course. The disorder exhibits distinct gender and age characteristics, with a marked female predominance and onset typically occurring in young adulthood during the prime working years. NMOSD is highly disabling, and each relapse carries a high risk of permanent disability, which has substantial socio-economic implications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболевание спектра оптиконейромиелита</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>этнические особенности</kwd><kwd>азиатская популяция</kwd><kwd>гендерно-возрастные особенности</kwd><kwd>оптический неврит</kwd><kwd>продольно-распространенный миелит</kwd><kwd>стволовое поражение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>ethnic characteristics</kwd><kwd>Asian population</kwd><kwd>gender and age characteristics</kwd><kwd>optic neuritis</kwd><kwd>longitudinally extensive myelitis</kwd><kwd>brainstem involvement</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref 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