vfumedВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences2587-5590Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/2587-5590-2025-4-73-84vfumed-394Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEСовременные методы диагностики и лечения врожденных пороков желудочно-кишечного тракта у детей раннего возрастаModern methods of diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in infantishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-7612ЩербакВ. А.ShcherbakV. A.

Щербак Владимир Александрович, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования

672000 Чита, ул. Горького, 39А

тел. +7(302)2354324

Author ID Scopus 56175430800

Shcherbak Vladimir Alexandrovich, Dr. Sci (Medicine), Professor, Head of Pediatric Department of Postgraduate Training

Chita

Author ID Scopus: 56175430800

shcherbak2001@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5358-7026ДееваВ. А.DeevaV. A.

Деева Виктория Алексеевна, ординатор кафедры педиатрии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования

672000 Чита, ул. Горького, 39А

тел. +79144489960

AuthorID: 1270096

Deeva Victoria Alekseevna, resident, Pediatric Department of Postgraduate Training

Chita

AuthorID: 1270096

viktoriyaddd99@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-4156-4518СверкуноваЯ. А.SverkunovaYa. A.

Сверкунова Яна Александровна, ординатор кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней

672000 Чита, ул. Горького, 39А

тел. +79294809070

AuthorID: 1231242

Sverkunova Yana Aleksandrovna, resident, Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases

Chita

AuthorID: 1231242

yana.sverkunova@bk.ruФГБОУ ВО Читинская государственная медицинская академияРоссияChita State Medical AcademyRussian Federation202529122025047384Copyright © Щербак В.А., Деева В.А., Сверкунова Я.А., 20252025Щербак В.А., Деева В.А., Сверкунова Я.А.Shcherbak V.A., Deeva V.A., Sverkunova Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/394

Врожденные пороки развития являются часто встречаемой патологией. Они могут быть основными причинами заболеваемости, смертности у младенцев и инвалидности в старшем возрасте. Цель обзора: расширить понимание о частоте, структуре, причинах, диагностике детей с врожденными пороками желудочно-кишечного тракта. Для поиска научных статьей была использована система Google, сайты: E-library и PubMed. По ключевым словам найдено 2478 публикаций в базе данных E-library, 764 публикации в базе данных PubMed за последние 5 лет, описана 41 из них. Приведены данные об органогенезе пищеварительной системы и сведения какие пороки формируются из различных отделов первичной кишки. В данной статье рассматриваются атрезия пищевода, гипертрофический пилоростеноз, дивертикул Меккеля, болезнь Гиршпрунга, синдром Ледда, атрезия ануса, а также атрезия желчевыводящих путей. Представлена частота их встречаемости, наиболее частым пороком является атрезия. Описано формирование отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта в связи с анатомическим соотношением и кровоснабжением, изложение проведено последовательно в связи с эмбриональным источником. Кратко описан патогенез, особенности клинических проявлений, различные методы современной диагностики и специализированной медицинской помощи. Основным методом лечения в настоящее время является малоинвазивная хирургия. Применяются видеоассистированные операции, такие как пероральная подслизистая пилоромиотомия при гипертрофическом пилостенозе или трансанальное эндоректальное низведение при болезни Гиршпрунга. Обсуждается расширение диапазона использования роботизированной техники для проведения лечения. Дискуссионным является вопрос об использовании трансплантации полипотентных стволовых клеток для лечения болезни Гиршпрунга.

Congenital malformations are a common pathology. They can be the main causes of morbidity, mortality in infants and disability in old age. The purpose of the review: to expand the understanding of the frequency, structure, causes, diagnostics of children with congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. To search for scientific articles, the Google system, websites: E-library and PubMed were used. By keywords, 2478 publications were found in the E-library database, 764 publications in the PubMed database over the past 5 years, 41 of them are described. Data on the organogenesis of the digestive system and information on what defects are formed from various parts of the primary intestine are provided. This article discusses esophageal atresia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Meckel’s diverticulum, Hirschsprung’s disease, Ladd’s syndrome, anal atresia, and biliary atresia. The frequency of their occurrence is presented; the most common defect is atresia. The formation of the sections of the gastrointestinal tract is described in relation to the anatomical relationship and blood supply, the presentation is carried out sequentially in relation to the embryonic source. The pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations, various methods of modern diagnostics and specialized medical care are briefly described. The main method of treatment at present is minimally invasive surgery. Video-assisted operations are used, such as peroral submucous pyloromyotomy for hypertrophic pylorostenosis or transanal endorectal reduction for Hirschsprung’s disease. The expansion of the range of use of robotic technology for treatment is discussed. The issue of using transplantation of pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease is debatable.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.