vfumedВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences2587-5590Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/2587-5590-2025-2-12-22vfumed-350Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEСаркопения: клиника, диагностика, лечение, профилактикаSarcopenia: clinic, diagnosis, treatment, prevention (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-5179БыковЮ. Н.BykovYu. N.

Быков Юрий Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой нервных болезней ФГБОУ ВО ИГМУ Минздрава России.

Иркутск

ResearcherID S-6938-2016, Scopus Author ID 57200671414

Yury N. Bykov – Dr. Sci (Medicine), Professor, Head of Neurology Diseases, Irkutsk State Medical University.

Irkutsk

ResearcherID S-6938-2016, Scopus Author ID 57200671414

bykov1971@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2868-6752НурулинаТ. Ф.NurulinaT. F.

Нурулина Татьяна Фаиловна – врач-невролог неврологического отделения ГБУЗ Иркутской ордена «Знак Почета» ОКБ.

Иркутск

Tatiana F. Nurulina – neurologist, Neurology Department, Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital.

Irkutsk

nurulina-tanya@mail.ruИркутский государственный медицинский университетРоссияIrkutsk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationИркутская областная клиническая больницаРоссияIrkutsk Regional Clinical HospitalRussian Federation202511072025021222Copyright © Быков Ю.Н., Нурулина Т.Ф., 20252025Быков Ю.Н., Нурулина Т.Ф.Bykov Y.N., Nurulina T.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/350

Стратегической целью системы здравоохранения и социальной помощи в Российской Федерации является увеличение продолжительности жизни человека. В данном аспекте повышается значимость своевременной диагностики и коррекции состояний, одним из которых является саркопения. В статье представлен обзор медицинской научной литературы о саркопении, изложены основные методы диагностики и возможности ее коррекции. Основным проявлением саркопении снижение мышечной силы и/или массы и, как следствие, функции. Это происходит при естественном процессе старения организма или в условиях патологии. Классифицируется первичная саркопения. В ее основе лежат преимущественно гормональные нарушения (изменения уровня секреции соматотропного гормона и кортизола), а также снижение уровня витамина D. Первичная саркопения имеет более неблагоприятный прогноз и труднее поддается коррекции. Вторичная саркопения возникает при гиподинамии, недостаточности потребления белка, а также при онкопатологии, заболеваниях кишечника, сердечно-сосудистых и эндокринных заболеваниях. В этом случает имеет место коморбидность патологии и созависимость патогенетических механизмов развития атрофического процесса в мышечной ткани.

Саркопения – не редкий синдром, встречающийся в практической работе специалистов разного профиля. Однако в силу малой информированности врачей и настороженности, она крайне редко выделяется в качестве отдельного синдрома. В статье приводятся оценочные шкалы для диагностики саркопении, в том числе в количественном выражении. Недостаточная диагностика саркопении на практике приводит к неправильному лечению и недостаточной медикаментозной коррекции таких пациентов. А это в свою очередь прогностически ухудшает течение как основного заболевания, так и коморбидной патологии.

Особое значение имеет медико-социальный аспект данного состояния. Вследствие значительной распространенности и ассоциации с неблагоприятными исходами пациенты с саркопенией нуждаются в диспансерном наблюдении, своевременном присвоении им паллиативного статуса и медицинской поддержке на протяжении достаточно длительного времени.

Представленная информация представляет интерес для врачей различных специальностей, среднего медицинского персонала, работников социальных служб, родственников больных. Информация о саркопеническом синдроме постоянно дополняется новыми данными исследований в области иммунологии, патофизиологии, клинической медицины, фармакологии и нутрициологии.

The strategic goal of the healthcare and social assistance system in the Russian Federation is increasing of human life expectancy. In this aspect, the importance of timely diagnosis and correction of conditions that occur in older people, one of which is sarcopenia, increases. The article presents an analysis of the current scientific literature on sarcopenia, methods of its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease of muscle tissue and strength as a result of the natural aging process of the body or in conditions of pathology. Primary sarcopenia is distinguished, which is mainly based on hormonal disorders (changes in the secretion of somatotropic hormone and cortisol), as well as a decrease in vitamin D levels. Primary sarcopenia has a more unfavorable prognosis and is more difficult to correct. Secondary sarcopenia occurs with physical inactivity, insufficient protein intake, as well as with oncopathology, intestinal diseases, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. In this case, there is a comorbidity of pathology and a codependency of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the atrophic process in the muscle tissue.

Sarcopenia is not a rare syndrome that occurs in the practical work of specialists of various profiles. However, due to the low awareness of doctors and alertness, it is extremely rare to distinguish it as a separate syndrome. The article provides evaluation scales for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, including in quantitative terms. Insufficient diagnosis of sarcopenia in practice leads to mismanagement and insufficient drug correction of such patients. And this, in turn, prognostically worsens the course of both the underlying disease and comorbid pathology.

The medical and social aspect of this condition is of particular importance. Due to the significant prevalence and association with adverse outcomes, patients with sarcopenia require dispensary supervision, timely palliative status, and medical support for a long time.

The information provided is of interest to doctors of various specialties, nursing staff, social workers, and relatives of patients. Information about sarcopenic syndrome is constantly updated with new data and research in the fields of immunology, pathophysiology, clinical medicine, pharmacology and nutrition.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.