vfumedВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences2587-5590Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова10.25587/2587-5590-2025-1-14-24vfumed-325Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEСИНДРОМ ЗАПЯСТНОГО КАНАЛА: КОНСЕРВАТИВНОЕ И ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕCARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: CONSERVATIVE AND SURGICAL TREATMENTВашуркинаИ. М.VashirkinaI. M.

ВАШИРКИНА Ирина Михайловна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент 

ResearcherID: rid57932, Scopus Author ID: 87305621974 

г. Саранск 

Irina M. Vashirkina, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor 

ResearcherID: rid57932, Scopus Author ID: 87305621974 

Saransk 

vashirkinairina7@mail.ruСмирноваГ. В.SmirnovaG. V.

СМИРНОВА Галина Васильевна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент 

ResearcherID: rid16489, Scopus Author ID: 68497113589 

г. Саранск 

Galina V. Smirnova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor 

ResearcherID: rid16489, Scopus Author ID: 68497113589 

Saransk 

smirnova_gal@mail.ruПронинВ. В.ProninV. V.

ПРОНИН Вадим Владимирович 

ResearcherID: rid95678, Scopus Author ID: 57484934551

г. Саранск 

Vadim V. Pronin 

ResearcherID: rid95678, Scopus Author ID: 57484934551 

Saransk 

vadimproninrm@mail.ruАржакаеваМ. В.ArzhakaevaM. V.

АРЖАКАЕВА Марьяна Владимировна 

ResearcherID: rid77684, Scopus Author ID: 88955437054

г. Саранск 

Mariana V. Arzhakaeva 

ResearcherID: rid77684, Scopus Author ID: 88955437054 

Saransk 

arzhakaevamar@mail.ruКабановО. В.KabanovO. V.

КАБАНОВ Олег Владимирович, кандидат технических наук, доцент 

ResearcherID: rid56897, Scopus Author ID: 57225275219 

г. Саранск 

Oleg V. Kabanov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor 

ResearcherID: rid56897, Scopus Author ID: 57225275219 

Saransk 

jhostmc@mail.ruНациональный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. ОгареваРоссияNational Research Mordovia State UniversityRussian Federation202531032025011424Copyright © Вашуркина И.М., Смирнова Г.В., Пронин В.В., Аржакаева М.В., Кабанов О.В., 20252025Вашуркина И.М., Смирнова Г.В., Пронин В.В., Аржакаева М.В., Кабанов О.В.Vashirkina I.M., Smirnova G.V., Pronin V.V., Arzhakaeva M.V., Kabanov O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/325

Синдром запястного канала представляет собой распространенную полиэтиологическую невропатию периферической нервной системы, характеризующуюся компрессией срединного нерва в области запястного канала. Заболевание чаще встречается у женщин среднего и пожилого возраста, а также у лиц, профессии которых связаны с интенсивной ручной работой (например, инженеры, программисты, медицинские работники, швеи). К числу основных факторов риска развития синдрома запястного канала относятся: пожилой возраст (более 60 лет), избыточная масса тела (ИМТ > 30 кг/м²), сахарный диабет 1 и 2 типа, другие эндокринные нарушения (акромегалия, микседема, болезнь Базедова), ревматоидный артрит и другие заболевания костно-суставной системы, генетическая предрасположенность, метаболические нарушения (подагра, амилоидоз), а также наличие объемных образований в области запястного канала. Патогенез синдрома запястного канала обусловлен компрессией срединного нерва, приводящей к ишемии и дисфункции нервных волокон. Клиническая картина синдрома запястного канала варьирует в зависимости от степени компрессии нерва и включает в себя характерные симптомы: ночные боли, усиливающиеся при выполнении рутинных действий; парестезии и онемение в области большого, указательного, среднего пальцев кисти, а также в лучевой половине безымянного пальца; мышечная слабость и атрофия мышц тенара в запущенных случаях. Диагностика синдрома запястного канала основывается на сборе анамнеза, неврологическом обследовании и инструментальных методах (электромиография, электронейрография, ультразвуковое исследование). Лечение может быть как консервативным (иммобилизация, медикаментозная терапия, физиотерапия), так и хирургическим (декомпрессия срединного нерва). Выбор метода лечения определяется стадией заболевания и тяжестью симптоматики.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common polyethological neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system characterized by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel area. The disease is more common in middle-aged and elderly women, as well as in people whose professions involve intensive manual work, for example, engineers, programmers, medical professionals, seamstresses. The main risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome include: old age (over 60 years), overweight (BMI > 30 kg/m2), type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, other endocrine disorders (acromegaly, myxedema, Bazedov’s disease), rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system, genetic predisposition, metabolic disorders (gout, amyloidosis), as well as the presence of bulky formations in the carpal tunnel. The pathogenesis of carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve, leading to ischemia and dysfunction of nerve fibers. The clinical picture of carpal tunnel syndrome varies depending on the degree of nerve compression and includes characteristic symptoms: night pain, which increases during routine activities; paresthesia and numbness in the thumb, index, middle fingers, as well as in the radial half of the ring finger; muscle weakness and atrophy of the tenar muscles in advanced cases. Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on the collection of medical history, neurological examination and instrumental methods (electromyography, electroneurography, ultrasound). Treatment can be either conservative (immobilization, drug therapy, physiotherapy) or surgical (decompression of the median nerve). The choice of treatment method is determined by the stage of the disease and the severity of the symptoms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.