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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/SVFU.2023.30.1.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfumed-210</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ БОЛЕЗНИ ПАРКИНСОНА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A HISTORY OF STUDYING PARKINSON’S DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КОПЫЛОВА Лилия Ивановна – ассистент кафедры неврологии и психиатрии, медицинского института; аспирант 2 года обучения</p><p>677013, г. Якутск, ул. Ойунского, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>KOPYLOVA Liliya Ivanovna – Assistant Lecturer, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine</p><p>677013, Yakutsk, ul. Oyunskogo, 27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kopylovalily@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таппахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tappakhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ТАППАХОВ Алексей Алексеевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры неврологии и психиатрии медицинского института</p><p>677013, г. Якутск, ул. Ойунского, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>TAPPAKHOV Alexey Alexeevich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associated Professor, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine</p><p>677013, Yakutsk, ul. Oyunskogo, 27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tappakhov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Т. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>T. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НИКОЛАЕВА Татьяна Яковлевна – доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии и психиатрии медицинского института</p><p>677013, г. Якутск, ул. Ойунского, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>NIKOLAEVA Tatiana Yakovlevna – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine</p><p>677013, Yakutsk, ul. Oyunskogo, 27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyanic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копылова Л.И., Таппахов А.А., Николаева Т.Я., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копылова Л.И., Таппахов А.А., Николаева Т.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopylova L.I., Tappakhov A.A., Nikolaeva T.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/210">https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/210</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье рассматривается история изучения болезни Паркинсона (БП) – одного из распространенных нейродегенеративных заболеваний в мире и России. Однако история изучения БП прошла несколько этапов. Феноменологический этап связан с трудом «Эссе о дрожательном параличе» Джеймса Паркинсона, где автор описал шестерых пациентов. Спустя 50 лет после выхода эссе Жан Мартен Шарко обратил внимание на пациентов с дрожательным параличом и, опираясь на эссе Джеймса Паркинсона, выдвинул теорию, что основным признаком болезни является медлительность. На патоморфологическом этапе определена роль потери нейронов черной субстанции в развитии БП. Ключевым трудом стала нигральная теория Константина Николаевича Третьякова. В начале XXI века немецкими учеными под руководством Хейко Браак выдвинута теория о стадиях нейродегенеративного процесса, которая объяснила преклинические немоторные симптомы БП, а также широкий спектр тяжелых немоторных и аксиальных нарушений на поздних стадиях болезни. Нейробиологический этап связан с установлением роли дофамина в развитии БП и началом леводопа-терапии. С 1911 года шло изучение леводопы в лаборатории, но только в 1950-х годах шведский фармаколог Арвид Карлссон выдвинул теорию о роли дефицита дофамина в развитии БП и предположил лечебный эффект леводопы. За свое выдающееся открытие Арвид Карлссон в 2000 году удостоился Нобелевской премии по физиологии и медицине. Клиническое использование леводопы связано с именами Олега Хорникевича и Джорджа Котциаса. Параллельно развивается нейрохирургическое лечение БП, внедряется глубинная стимуляция головного мозга, таламотомия под воздействием фокусированного ультразвука. В настоящий момент происходит дальнейшее совершенствование диагностики болезни, изучается генетика БП, вместе с ним расширяется диапазон возможностей лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article discusses the history of studying Parkinson’s disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world and Russia. Many famous personalities suffer from this disease, including a Hollywood actor Michael J. Fox. However, the history of studying PD consists of several stages. The phenomenological stage is associated with the work «An Essay on Shaking Palsy» by James Parkinson, where the author described six patients. Fifty years after the essay was published, Jean Martin Charcot drew attention to patients with shaking palsy, and based on the Parkinson’s essay, put forward the theory that the main symptom of the disease is slowness. At the pathomorphological stage, the role of the loss of substantia nigra neurons in the development of PD was determined. The key work was the nigral theory of Konstantin Tretyakov. At the beginning of the 21st century, German scientists led by Heiko Braak put forward the stages of the neurodegenerative process theory, which explained the preclinical non-motor symptoms of PD, as well as a wide range of severe non-motor and axial disorders in the late stages of the disease. The neurobiological stage is associated with the establishment of the role of dopamine in the development of PD and the start of levodopa therapy. Since 1911, levodopa had been studied in the laboratory, but it was not until the 1950s that the Swedish pharmacologist Arvid Karlsson put forward the theory about the role of dopamine deficiency in the development of PD and suggested the therapeutic effect of levodopa. For his outstanding discovery, Arvid Karlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000. The clinical use of levodopa is associated with the names of Oleg Hornykiewicz and George Cotzias. In parallel, neurosurgical treatment of PD is being developed, deep brain stimulation and thalamotomy under the influence of focused ultrasound are being introduced. At the moment, there is a further improvement in the diagnosis of the disease, the genetics of PD is being studied, along with it, the range of treatment options is expanding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>Джеймс Паркинсон</kwd><kwd>история изучения</kwd><kwd>дофамин</kwd><kwd>леводопа</kwd><kwd>фокусированный ультразвук</kwd><kwd>глубинная стимуляция головного мозга</kwd><kwd>стереотаксические операции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>: Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>James Parkinson</kwd><kwd>history of the study of dopamine</kwd><kwd>levodopa</kwd><kwd>focused ultrasound</kwd><kwd>deep brain stimulation</kwd><kwd>stereotaxic operations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balestrino R., Schapira A. 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