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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/SVFU.2022.28.3.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfumed-176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УМЕРЕННЫЕ КОГНИТИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ В ПРАКТИКЕ ВРАЧА-НЕВРОЛОГА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN NEUROLOGICAL PRACTICE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таппахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tappakhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ТАППАХОВ Алексей Алексеевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры неврологии и психиатрии</p><p>677013 г. Якутск, ул. Ойунского, 27.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>TAPPAKHOV Alexey Alexeevich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assocaite Professor, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry</p><p>677013, Yakutsk, ul. Oyunskogo, 27.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tappakhov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ПОПОВА Татьяна Егоровна – доктор мед. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>677018 г. Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>POPOVA Tatiana Egorovna – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Science</p><p>677018, Yakutsk, ul. Yaroslavskogo, 6/1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tata2504@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт ФГАОУ ВО «Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Medicine, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yakut Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Таппахов А.А., Попова Т.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Таппахов А.А., Попова Т.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tappakhov A.A., Popova T.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/176">https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/176</self-uri><abstract><p>Когнитивные нарушения и деменция являются актуальной проблемой современной неврологии и психиатрии, что объясняется их широкой распространенностью, а также прогнозируемым увеличением числа пациентов в будущем. Однако деменция в большинстве случаев не наступает остро, ее развитию предшествует длительный период, когда когнитивные нарушения еще не нарушают бытовую и профессиональную жизнь пациента. Такие когнитивные нарушения называются «преддементными» и подразделяются на субъективные, легкие и умеренные. При субъективных когнитивных нарушениях пациенты предъявляют жалобы, однако по результатам нейропсихологического тестирования снижение когнитивных функций не определяется. При легких когнитивных нарушениях можно обнаружить признаки снижения когнитивных функций при использовании высокочувствительных шкал. Цель обзора – анализ современных данных о дефиниции, классификации, диагностике и лечению умеренных когнитивных нарушений (УКН) с точки зрения доказательной медицины для своевременной диагностики данного состояния и рациональной его коррекции. УКН характеризуются тем, что, помимо жалоб пациента, когнитивный дефицит выявляется при скрининговом нейропсихологическом тестировании, однако в отличие от деменции не нарушает функциональность пациента. УКН – ведущий фактор риска развития деменции. Согласно исследованиям, когнитивный дефицит может не только прогрессировать, но и стабилизироваться и даже регрессировать. В связи с этим представляется важным своевременное выявление пациентов с УКН, установление нозологической принадлежности для коррекции факторов риска и назначения лечения. Часто причиной УКН могут выступать нейродегенеративные расстройства (в первую очередь, болезнь Альцгеймера) и цереброваскулярные заболевания. Авторами приводится диагностическая ценность популярных шкал, таких как Краткая шкала оценки психического статуса, Монреальская шкала оценки когнитивных функций и теста «3-КТ» в диагностике УКН. Обсуждаются возможности применения биомаркеров, таких как определение бета-амилоида и тау-протеина в спинно-мозговой жидкости, выявление признаков нейронального повреждения при нейровизуализации головного мозга. Наиболее доказанными методами воздействия на когнитивный дефицит при УКН являются немедикаментозные мероприятия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cognitive impairment and dementia are an relevant problem of modern neurology and psychiatry, which is explained by their wide prevalence, as well as the predicted increase in the number of patients in the future. However, dementia in most cases does not occur acutely, its development is preceded by a long period when cognitive impairments do not disrupt the patient’s everyday and professional life yet. Such cognitive impairments are called “pre-dementia” and are divided into subjective, subtle, and mild. With subjective cognitive impairment, patients present complaints; however, neuropsychological testing does not reveal decreased cognitive functions. Subtle cognitive impairment is accompanied by a decrease in cognitive functions when using highly sensitive scales. This article provides an overview of current data on the definition, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the point of view of the evidence-based medicine for timely diagnostics of the state and its effective correction. In patients with MCI, in addition to complaints of cognitive deficit, it is detected during screening neuropsychological testing; but unlike dementia, it does not impair the patient’s functionality. MCI is a leading risk factor for future dementia. However, according to research, cognitive deficits can not only progress, but also stabilize and even regress. In this regard, it is important to identify patients with MCI on time, establish nosological affiliation for correcting risk factors and prescribing treatment. The most common causes of MCI can be neurodegenerative disorders (primarily Alzheimer’s disease) and cerebrovascular diseases. The authors present the diagnostic value of popular scales such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and the 3-CT test in the diagnosis of MCI. The possibilities of using biomarkers, such as the determination of beta-amyloid and tau-protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the detection of signs of neuronal damage during neuroimaging of the brain, are discussed. It is stated that the most proven methods of influencing cognitive deficits in MCI are non-drug measures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>умеренные когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>амнезия</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>дисциркуляторная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>нейропсихологическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>DSM-5</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>бета-амилоид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>amnesia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>vascular encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological testing</kwd><kwd>DSM-5</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>beta-amyloid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prince M., Bryce R., Albanese E., et al. 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