<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfumed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета имени М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Медицинские науки. Medical Sciences»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-5590</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/SVFU.2021.24.3.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfumed-111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МИКРОБИОМ КИШЕЧНИКА БОЛЬНОГО ВИЛЮЙСКИМ ЭНЦЕФАЛОМИЕЛИТОМ И ЕГО РОЛЬ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME OF VILYUI ENCEPHALOMYELITIS PATIENTS AND ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивцева</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivtseva</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tm.sivtseva@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карганова</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karganova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">karganova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осаковский</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osakovsky</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">iz_labgene@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова, Научно-исследовательский центр Медицинского института</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center, Institute of Medicine, M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН (Институт полиомиелита)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сивцева Т.М., Карганова Г.Г., Осаковский В.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сивцева Т.М., Карганова Г.Г., Осаковский В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sivtseva T.M., Karganova G.G., Osakovsky V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/111">https://www.smnsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/111</self-uri><abstract><p>Вилюйский энцефаломиелит - это уникальное эндемичное заболевание центральной нервной системы, при котором нейродегенеративные процессы инициируются хроническим асептическим субклиническим воспалением мозга. Исследования последних лет свидетельствуют, что кишечная микробиота может влиять на активацию иммунитета и воспаление при различных неврологических состояниях, включая рассеянный склероз, болезнь Паркинсона и болезнь Альцгеймера. В данной статье обсуждаются результаты пилотного исследования микробиоты кишечника условно здоровых представителей этноса саха (якуты), а также микробиоты кишечника больного ВЭ, проведенного в сотрудничестве с Институтом биологии гена РАН и Атлас-Биомед группы - Knomics. В образцах кала больных ВЭ снижен уровень представителей родов Prevotella и Faecalibacterium, неклассифицированных членов семейства Ruminococcaeae и порядка Clostridiaceae. Исследование выявило существенное повышение пропорции бактерий рода Akkermansia, архей Methanobrevibacter и на грани значимости рост неклассифицированных представителей семейств Christensenellaceae и Mogibacteriaceae. Анализ ассоциаций микробиома с заболеванием с использованием алгоритма Selbal показал тенденцию к связи заболевания ВЭ с Methanobrevibacter, который представлен в кишечнике человека видом M. Smithii, а также с нормализованным соотношением Methanobrevibacter и одним или более неклассифицированных родов семейства Coriobacteriaceae. Выявленные особенности таксономического состава микрофлоры больных ВЭ способствуют развитию хронического субклинического воспалительного процесса, а также патологического липогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vilyui encephalomyelitis (VE) is a unique endemic disease of the central nervous system, in which neurodegenerative processes are initiated by chronic aseptic subclinical inflammation of the brain. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiome play an important role in immune activation and inflammation in a variety of neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. The article discusses the results of a pilot study of the intestinal microbiome of healthy representatives of the Sakha ethnic group (Yakuts) and VE patients, carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Atlas-Biomed Group - Knomics LLC. In the stool samples of VE patients, the level of generas Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, unclassified members of family Ruminococcaeae, as well as other Clostridiaceae was reduced. A significant increase in the proportion of bacteria Akkermansia, archaea Methanobrevibacter, and, on the verge of significance, of the families Christensenellaceae and Mogibacteriaceae was revealed. An analysis of the associations of the gut microbiome and the disease using the selbal algorithm showed a tendency for the association of VE with Methanobrevibacter, which is represented by M. smithii and with the normalized log-ratio between Methanobrevibacter and one or more unclassified genera from the Coriobacteriaceae family. The revealed features of the taxonomic composition of intestinal microbiome in VE patients contribute to the development of a chronic subclinical inflammatory process, as well as pathological lipogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вилюйский энцефаломиелит</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>микробиом кишечника</kwd><kwd>метагеном</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Methanobrevibacter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров П. А. Вилюйский энцефалит (энцефаломиелит) / П.А. Петров // Невропатология и психиатрия. 1958. - № 6. - С. 669-674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Петров П. А. Вилюйский энцефалит (энцефаломиелит) / П.А. Петров // Невропатология и психиатрия. 1958. - № 6. - С. 669-674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаповал А.Н. Вилюйский энцефалит / А.Н. Шаповал. - Якутск, 1959. - 154 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шаповал А.Н. Вилюйский энцефалит / А.Н. Шаповал. - Якутск, 1959. - 154 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldfarb L.G., Gaidusek D.C. Viluisk encephalomyelitis in the Yakut people of Siberia / L.G. Goldfarb, D.C. Gaidusek // Brain. 1992. - v. 115. - Р. 961-978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldfarb L.G., Gaidusek D.C. Viluisk encephalomyelitis in the Yakut people of Siberia / L.G. Goldfarb, D.C. Gaidusek // Brain. 1992. - v. 115. - Р. 961-978.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in patients with Viluisk encephalomyelitis: the relation between oligoclonal bands and clinical features / T.M. Sivtseva, V.A. Vladimirtsev, R.S. Nikitina, et.al. // J. Neurol. Sci. - 2018. - v. 384. - P. 84-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in patients with Viluisk encephalomyelitis: the relation between oligoclonal bands and clinical features / T.M. Sivtseva, V.A. Vladimirtsev, R.S. Nikitina, et.al. // J. Neurol. Sci. - 2018. - v. 384. - P. 84-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viluisk encephalomyelitis - review of the spectrum of pathological changes / C.A. Mclean, C.L. Masters, et al. // Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiology. - 1997. - v. 23. - P. 212-217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viluisk encephalomyelitis - review of the spectrum of pathological changes / C.A. Mclean, C.L. Masters, et al. // Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiology. - 1997. - v. 23. - P. 212-217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авцын Ф.П. Новые данные к эпидемиологии и морфологии вилюйского энцефаломиелита / Ф.П. Авцын, А.А. Жаворонков, В.П. Алексеев // Архив патологии. - 1994. - № 4 (56). - C. 39-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авцын Ф.П. Новые данные к эпидемиологии и морфологии вилюйского энцефаломиелита / Ф.П. Авцын, А.А. Жаворонков, В.П. Алексеев // Архив патологии. - 1994. - № 4 (56). - C. 39-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осаковский В.Л. Иммунопатология вилюйского энцефалита / В.Л. Осаковский, Т.М. Сивцева // Нейроиммунология. - 2012. - № 3-4 (10). - С. 22-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Осаковский В.Л. Иммунопатология вилюйского энцефалита / В.Л. Осаковский, Т.М. Сивцева // Нейроиммунология. - 2012. - № 3-4 (10). - С. 22-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гольдфарб Л.Г. Вилюйский энцефаломиелит / Гольдфарб Л.Г., Владимирцев В.А., Ренвик Н.М., Платонов Ф.А. - Новосибирск: Издательство СО РАН, 2014. - 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гольдфарб Л.Г. Вилюйский энцефаломиелит / Гольдфарб Л.Г., Владимирцев В.А., Ренвик Н.М., Платонов Ф.А. - Новосибирск: Издательство СО РАН, 2014. - 256 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng M. Stereotypes about enterotype: old and new ideas genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics / M. Cheng, K. Ning // Genomics proteomics bioinformatics. - 2019. - 17. - Р. 4-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng M. Stereotypes about enterotype: old and new ideas genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics / M. Cheng, K. Ning // Genomics proteomics bioinformatics. - 2019. - 17. - Р. 4-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diversity and coteratype in gut bacterial community of adults in Taiwan / C. Liang, HC Tseng, HM Chen // BMC genomics. - 2017. - v. 18 (supl.1). - Р. 932.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diversity and coteratype in gut bacterial community of adults in Taiwan / C. Liang, HC Tseng, HM Chen // BMC genomics. - 2017. - v. 18 (supl.1). - Р. 932.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerhardt S. Changes of colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson’s diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases / S. Gerhardt, MN. Mohajeri // Nutrients. - 2018. - v. 10 (6). - Р. 708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerhardt S. Changes of colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson’s diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases / S. Gerhardt, MN. Mohajeri // Nutrients. - 2018. - v. 10 (6). - Р. 708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological disease: the gut - brain axis. / Q. Ma, C. Xing, W. Long, et.al. // J. neuroinflammation. - 2019. - v. 16. - Р. 53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological disease: the gut - brain axis. / Q. Ma, C. Xing, W. Long, et.al. // J. neuroinflammation. - 2019. - v. 16. - Р. 53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease / V.A. Petrov, I.V. Saltykova, I.A. Zhukova, et al. // Bull Exp Biol Med. - 2017. - v. 162 (6). - P. 734-737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease / V.A. Petrov, I.V. Saltykova, I.A. Zhukova, et al. // Bull Exp Biol Med. - 2017. - v. 162 (6). - P. 734-737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome / E.M. Hill-Burns, JW Debelius, JT Morton, et.al. // Mov Disord. - 2017. - 32(5). - P. 739-749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome / E.M. Hill-Burns, JW Debelius, JT Morton, et.al. // Mov Disord. - 2017. - 32(5). - P. 739-749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis / S. Jangi, R. Gandhi, LM Cox, et al. // Nat Commun. - 2016. - v. 28; 7. - P. 12015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis / S. Jangi, R. Gandhi, LM Cox, et al. // Nat Commun. - 2016. - v. 28; 7. - P. 12015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gut microbiome signature of Viluisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behavior. / V. Kuznetsova, A. Tyakht, L. Akhmadishina, et al. // Orphanet journal of rare diseases. - 2020. - v. 15. - Р. 327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gut microbiome signature of Viluisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behavior. / V. Kuznetsova, A. Tyakht, L. Akhmadishina, et al. // Orphanet journal of rare diseases. - 2020. - v. 15. - Р. 327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahl W.J. Diet, nutrients and the microbiome / W.J. Dahl, D. Rivero Mendoza, J.M. Lambert // Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. - 2020. - v. 171. -P. 237-263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahl W.J. Diet, nutrients and the microbiome / W.J. Dahl, D. Rivero Mendoza, J.M. Lambert // Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. - 2020. - v. 171. -P. 237-263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akin H. Diet, microbiota, and colorectal cancer. / H. Akin, N. Tözün // J Clin Gastroenterol. - 2014. - 48 Suppl 1. - P. 67-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akin H. Diet, microbiota, and colorectal cancer. / H. Akin, N. Tözün // J Clin Gastroenterol. - 2014. - 48 Suppl 1. - P. 67-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis: the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria - A systematic review / E. Dias-Jácome, D. Libânio, M. Borges-Canha, et.al. // Rev Esp Enferm Dig. - 2016. - v. 108(9). - P. 530-540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis: the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria - A systematic review / E. Dias-Jácome, D. Libânio, M. Borges-Canha, et.al. // Rev Esp Enferm Dig. - 2016. - v. 108(9). - P. 530-540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mobeen F. Enterotype Variations of the Healthy Human Gut Microbiome in Different Geographical Regions. / F. Mobeen, V. Sharma, P. Tulika // Bioinformation. - 2018. - v. 29; 14(9). - P. 560-573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mobeen F. Enterotype Variations of the Healthy Human Gut Microbiome in Different Geographical Regions. / F. Mobeen, V. Sharma, P. Tulika // Bioinformation. - 2018. - v. 29; 14(9). - P. 560-573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics / M. Lopez-Siles, S.H. Duncan, L.J. Garcia-Gil, M. Martinez-Medina // ISME J. - 2017. - v. 11(4). - P. 841-852.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics / M. Lopez-Siles, S.H. Duncan, L.J. Garcia-Gil, M. Martinez-Medina // ISME J. - 2017. - v. 11(4). - P. 841-852.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology / M. Gurung, Z. Li, H. You, et.al. // EBioMedicine. - 2020. - 51. - 102590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology / M. Gurung, Z. Li, H. You, et.al. // EBioMedicine. - 2020. - 51. - 102590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review. / C.A. Simpson, C. Diaz-Arteche, D. Eliby, et.al // Clin Psychol Rev. - 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review. / C.A. Simpson, C. Diaz-Arteche, D. Eliby, et.al // Clin Psychol Rev. - 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruminococcus gnavus, a member of the human gut microbiome associated with Crohn’s disease, produces an inflammatory polysaccharide. / M.T. Henke, D.J. Kenny, C.D. Cassilly, et.al. // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - 2019. - v. 116(26) - P. 12672-12677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruminococcus gnavus, a member of the human gut microbiome associated with Crohn’s disease, produces an inflammatory polysaccharide. / M.T. Henke, D.J. Kenny, C.D. Cassilly, et.al. // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - 2019. - v. 116(26) - P. 12672-12677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. / Y.Y. Chen, D.Q. Chen, L. Chen, et al. // J Transl Med. - 2019. - v. 17. - P. 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Microbiome-metabolome reveals the contribution of gut-kidney axis on kidney disease. / Y.Y. Chen, D.Q. Chen, L. Chen, et al. // J Transl Med. - 2019. - v. 17. - P. 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akkermansia muciniphila a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium./ M. Derren, EE Vaughan, CM Plugge, WM. de Vos // Int. Journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - 2004. - v. 54. - P. 1469-1476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akkermansia muciniphila a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium./ M. Derren, EE Vaughan, CM Plugge, WM. de Vos // Int. Journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. - 2004. - v. 54. - P. 1469-1476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biosynthesis of Human Colonic Mucin: Muc2 Is the Prominent Secretory Mucin. / K.M. Tytgat, HA Büller, FJ Opdam, // Gastroenterology. - 1994. - v. 107. - P. 1352-1363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biosynthesis of Human Colonic Mucin: Muc2 Is the Prominent Secretory Mucin. / K.M. Tytgat, HA Büller, FJ Opdam, // Gastroenterology. - 1994. - v. 107. - P. 1352-1363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults / T.L. Weir, D.K. Manter, A.M. Sheflin, et.al. // PLoS One. - 2013. - v. 8. - e70803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults / T.L. Weir, D.K. Manter, A.M. Sheflin, et.al. // PLoS One. - 2013. - v. 8. - e70803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic / T. Zhang, Q. Li, L. Cheng, et.al. // Microb Biotechnol. - 2019. - v. 12(6). - P. 1109-1125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic / T. Zhang, Q. Li, L. Cheng, et.al. // Microb Biotechnol. - 2019. - v. 12(6). - P. 1109-1125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syntrophy via interspecies H2 transfer between Christensenella and Methanobrevibacter underlies their global cooccurrence in the Human Gut / A. Ruaud, S. Esquivel-Elizondo, J. de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, et al. // mBio. - 2020. - v. 11(1). - e03235-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syntrophy via interspecies H2 transfer between Christensenella and Methanobrevibacter underlies their global cooccurrence in the Human Gut / A. Ruaud, S. Esquivel-Elizondo, J. de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, et al. // mBio. - 2020. - v. 11(1). - e03235-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest /P.J. Turnbaugh, RE Ley, MA Mahowald, et.al. // Nature - 2006. - v. 444. - P. 1027-1031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest /P.J. Turnbaugh, RE Ley, MA Mahowald, et.al. // Nature - 2006. - v. 444. - P. 1027-1031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gut colonization with Methanobrevibacter smithii is associated with childhood weight development / C.A. Mbakwa, J. Penders, P.H. Savelkoul, et.al. // Obesity (Silver Spring) - 2015. - v. 23. - P. 2508-2516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gut colonization with Methanobrevibacter smithii is associated with childhood weight development / C.A. Mbakwa, J. Penders, P.H. Savelkoul, et.al. // Obesity (Silver Spring) - 2015. - v. 23. - P. 2508-2516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease, a Meta-Analysis / T. Shen, Y. Yue, T. He, et.al. // Front Aging Neurosci. - 2021. - v. 13. - P. 636545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease, a Meta-Analysis / T. Shen, Y. Yue, T. He, et.al. // Front Aging Neurosci. - 2021. - v. 13. - P. 636545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiome of Italian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Household Relatives / P. Galluzzo, F.C. Capri, L. Vecchioni, et.al. // Life (Basel). - 2021. - v. 11(7). - P. 620.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiome of Italian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Household Relatives / P. Galluzzo, F.C. Capri, L. Vecchioni, et.al. // Life (Basel). - 2021. - v. 11(7). - P. 620.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese adults reveals a new bacterial lineage associated with a phenotype characterized by a high frequency of bowel movements and a lean body type / K. Oki, M. Toyama, T. Banno, et.al. // BMC Microbiol. - 2016. - v. 16(1). - P. 284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese adults reveals a new bacterial lineage associated with a phenotype characterized by a high frequency of bowel movements and a lean body type / K. Oki, M. Toyama, T. Banno, et.al. // BMC Microbiol. - 2016. - v. 16(1). - P. 284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Differences in Gut Microbiota in Patients With vs Without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review / R. Pittayanon, J.T. Lau, G.I. Leontiadis, et.al. // Gastroenterology. - 2020. - v. 158(4). - P. 930-946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Differences in Gut Microbiota in Patients With vs Without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review / R. Pittayanon, J.T. Lau, G.I. Leontiadis, et.al. // Gastroenterology. - 2020. - v. 158(4). - P. 930-946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkova A. Predictive Metagenomic Analysis of Autoimmune Disease Identifies Robust Autoimmunity and Disease Specific Microbial Signatures / AVolkova, K.V. Ruggles // Front Microbiol. - 2021. - v. 12. - 621310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova A. Predictive Metagenomic Analysis of Autoimmune Disease Identifies Robust Autoimmunity and Disease Specific Microbial Signatures / AVolkova, K.V. Ruggles // Front Microbiol. - 2021. - v. 12. - 621310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fecal microbiota signatures of insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in youth with obesity: a pilot study. / F. Del Chierico, M. Manco, S. Gardini, et.al. // Acta Diabetol. - 2021. - 58(8):1009-1022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fecal microbiota signatures of insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in youth with obesity: a pilot study. / F. Del Chierico, M. Manco, S. Gardini, et.al. // Acta Diabetol. - 2021. - 58(8):1009-1022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins /J.K. Goldrich, E.R. Davenport, M. Beaumont, et al. // Cell host microbe. - 2016. - v. 19. - P. 731-743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins /J.K. Goldrich, E.R. Davenport, M. Beaumont, et al. // Cell host microbe. - 2016. - v. 19. - P. 731-743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heritable components of the human fecal microbiome are associated with visceral fat. / M. Beaumont, JK Goodrich, MA Jackson, et al. // Genome Biol. - 2016. - v. 17(1). - P. 189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heritable components of the human fecal microbiome are associated with visceral fat. / M. Beaumont, JK Goodrich, MA Jackson, et al. // Genome Biol. - 2016. - v. 17(1). - P. 189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The short chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 regulates inflammatory signals in adipose tissue M2-type macrophages /A. Nakajima, A. Nakatani, S. Hasegawa // PLoS One. - 2017. - v. 12(7). - e0179696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The short chain fatty acid receptor GPR43 regulates inflammatory signals in adipose tissue M2-type macrophages /A. Nakajima, A. Nakatani, S. Hasegawa // PLoS One. - 2017. - v. 12(7). - e0179696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis / P.M. Smith, M.R. Howitt, N. Panikov, et.al. // Science. - 2013. - Vol. 341, Issue 6145. - P. 569-573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis / P.M. Smith, M.R. Howitt, N. Panikov, et.al. // Science. - 2013. - Vol. 341, Issue 6145. - P. 569-573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
